Individual Details
Sir Gilbert "7th Earl of Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, Lord of Harfleur and Mostrevillers in Normandy" Clare
(Abt 1180 - 25 Oct 1230)
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
-- MERGED NOTE ------------
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]]
== Biography =="The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
Above text courtesy of [http://www.magnacartabarons.info/gilbert-de-clare Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
===Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry===2. [[Clare-673|GILBERT DE CLARE, Knt.]], 7th Earl of Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, Baron of Clare, Suffolk, son and heir, born about 1180. He inherited from his father the Clare estates, and from his mother those of Gloucester, from his grandmother the honour of St. Hilary, and from his ancestress, Rohese, a moiety of the Giffard estates. He and his father joined the confederacy of the barons against the king in 1215. He was as one of the twenty-five barons elected to guarantee the observance of Magna Carta, which King John signed 15 June 1215. In consequence he and his father were excommunicated by Pope Innocent III 16 Dec. 1215. He fought on the side of Louis of France at the Battle of Lincoln 19 May 1217, and was taken prisoner by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. He was aftetwards released, and his lands restored. He married 9 Oct. 1217 [[Marshal-124|ISABEL MARSHAL]], 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke (or Strigoil), hereditary Master Marshal, by Isabel, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke (or Strigoil). She inherited one-tenth of the barony of Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire. They had three sons, [[Clare-99|Richard, Knt.]] (Earl of Gloucester and Hertford), [[Clare-309|William]], and [[Clare-310|Gilbert]] (clerk), and three daughters, [[Clare-124|Amice]], [[Clare-125|Agnes]], and [[Clare-18|Isabel]]. He was recognized as Earl of Gloucester (in his mother's lifetime) in November 1217. In 1217 he gave the manor of Hambleden, Buckinghamshire to Milicent de Cantelowe for life in settlement of her other claims in dower on the estates of her former husband, Amaury, Count of Evreux (Gilbert's 1st cousin). In July 1222 he was ordered by the king to desist from attacking the castle ofDinaunt Powys in Wales. He was present in 1225 at the confumation of Magna Carta by King Henry III. In 1227 he served as witness to the king's charter permitting the removal of the cathedral from Old to New Salisbury and confirming the same rights to the new city as Winchester enjoyed. The same year he joined the rising of the king's brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. The king soon gave way to the barons' threats, and meeting them at Northampton in August, promised them satisfaction of their demands. Clare led an army against the Welsh in 1228 and captured Morgan Garn, who was released next year. In Feb. 1228 he had a gift of 40 rafters in the wood of Auvour to house himself at Cranbornc, Dorset. In 1228 he again led an army against the Welsh and discovered Uron, lead, and silver mines in Wales. In Feb. 1230 he and William Marshal were ordered to yield up to the Archdeacon of Llandaff all the possessions of the bishopric which they had taken on the bishop's death. Early in 1230 he crossed over into Brittany with the king. SIR GILBERT DE CLARE, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, died at Peruos in that duchy 25 Oct. 1230, and was buried 11 November 1230 at Tewkesbury Abbey. He left a will dated 30 April and 23 October 1230, proved before Michaelmas, 1233, by which he left the wood of Mythe and a gilt silver cross to Tewkesbury Abbey. His widow, Isabel, married (2nd) 30 March 1231 Richard, Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, younger son of John, King of England, by his 2nd wife, Isabel, daughter of Ademar, Count of Angouleme. She died at Berkhampstead in childbed of jaundice 17 Jan.
=== Name ===: Sir Gilbert de CLARE, 4th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl Gloucester Source: [[#S4]] Vol II, page 184-186 ''Medieval Lands'' Source: [[#S4]] Source: [[#S148]] Page: 28Source: [[#S37]] Page: Line 28
=== Birth ===: Birth: abt 1180, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England Source: [[#S37]] Page: 28 Source: [[#S4]] Vol II, page 184-186
=== Marriage ===
: Husband: [[De Clare-219|Gilbert de Clare]]
: Wife: [[Marshall-1372|Isabel Marshall]]
: Child: [[De Clare-215|Richard de Clare]]
: Child: [[De Clare-220|Isabel de Clare]]: Marriage: 09 OCT 1217 ''Medieval Lands'' Source: [[#S37]] Page: 28
=== Death and Burial ===: Death: 25 OCT 1230, Penrose, Brittany''Medieval Lands'' Source: [[#S37]] Page 28: Burial 11 NOV 1230 Tewksbury, Gloucester, EnglandSource: [[#S4]] Vol II, page 184-186, buried before the high altar of the abbey ''Medieval Lands''
=== Brief Summary ===: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (1180 - 25 October 1230) was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,''Medieval Lands'' from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal, whose daughter Isabel he later married.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year. He then joined in an expedition to Brittany, but died on his way back to Penrose in that duchy. His body was conveyed home by way of Plymouth and Cranborne to Tewkesbury. His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.
=== Gateway Ancestors ===:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
*Royal Ancestry 2013 Vol. II p. 184-191
*Magna Carta Ancestry 2011 2nd ed. Vol. I p. 451-460
* ''Medieval Lands'', database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#AmiceFitzRobertdied12241225 Gilbert de Clare], son of Richard de Clare.
* Magna Carta Barons, database online, Prof. Nigel Saul and the Magna Carta Barons Association, [http://www.magnacartabarons.info/gilbert-de-clare ''Gilbert de Clare'']. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.
* Source S-2024265454 [[#S-2024265454]] Repository: [[#R-2024265400]], R-2024265400, ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* Source S-2024265474 [[#S-2024265474]], Repository: [[#R-2024265400]], ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
* S4 Richardson, Douglas, and Kimball G. Everingham. 2013. ''Royal ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families''. Salt Lake City, UT.: Douglas Richardson. Vol I, page 587-590; Vol II, page 184-186, 298-299; Vol IV, page 47; cited by Mr. Marlyn Lewis, [http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p104.htm#i3127 Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins], database online, Portland, Oregon.
* S148 ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215'', 3rd edition, Weis, Frederick (Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1979), Note: RIN#10000
* Source: S37 ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215'', 4th ed., Weis, Frederick, (Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1991)
* Douglas Richardson, ''[http://www.royalancestry.net/ Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families],'' Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011)
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
----} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
-- MERGED NOTE ------------
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]]
== Biography =="The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
Above text courtesy of [http://www.magnacartabarons.info/gilbert-de-clare Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
===Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry===2. [[Clare-673|GILBERT DE CLARE, Knt.]], 7th Earl of Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, Baron of Clare, Suffolk, son and heir, born about 1180. He inherited from his father the Clare estates, and from his mother those of Gloucester, from his grandmother the honour of St. Hilary, and from his ancestress, Rohese, a moiety of the Giffard estates. He and his father joined the confederacy of the barons against the king in 1215. He was as one of the twenty-five barons elected to guarantee the observance of Magna Carta, which King John signed 15 June 1215. In consequence he and his father were excommunicated by Pope Innocent III 16 Dec. 1215. He fought on the side of Louis of France at the Battle of Lincoln 19 May 1217, and was taken prisoner by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. He was aftetwards released, and his lands restored. He married 9 Oct. 1217 [[Marshal-124|ISABEL MARSHAL]], 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke (or Strigoil), hereditary Master Marshal, by Isabel, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke (or Strigoil). She inherited one-tenth of the barony of Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire. They had three sons, [[Clare-99|Richard, Knt.]] (Earl of Gloucester and Hertford), [[Clare-309|William]], and [[Clare-310|Gilbert]] (clerk), and three daughters, [[Clare-124|Amice]], [[Clare-125|Agnes]], and [[Clare-18|Isabel]]. He was recognized as Earl of Gloucester (in his mother's lifetime) in November 1217. In 1217 he gave the manor of Hambleden, Buckinghamshire to Milicent de Cantelowe for life in settlement of her other claims in dower on the estates of her former husband, Amaury, Count of Evreux (Gilbert's 1st cousin). In July 1222 he was ordered by the king to desist from attacking the castle ofDinaunt Powys in Wales. He was present in 1225 at the confumation of Magna Carta by King Henry III. In 1227 he served as witness to the king's charter permitting the removal of the cathedral from Old to New Salisbury and confirming the same rights to the new city as Winchester enjoyed. The same year he joined the rising of the king's brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. The king soon gave way to the barons' threats, and meeting them at Northampton in August, promised them satisfaction of their demands. Clare led an army against the Welsh in 1228 and captured Morgan Garn, who was released next year. In Feb. 1228 he had a gift of 40 rafters in the wood of Auvour to house himself at Cranbornc, Dorset. In 1228 he again led an army against the Welsh and discovered Uron, lead, and silver mines in Wales. In Feb. 1230 he and William Marshal were ordered to yield up to the Archdeacon of Llandaff all the possessions of the bishopric which they had taken on the bishop's death. Early in 1230 he crossed over into Brittany with the king. SIR GILBERT DE CLARE, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, died at Peruos in that duchy 25 Oct. 1230, and was buried 11 November 1230 at Tewkesbury Abbey. He left a will dated 30 April and 23 October 1230, proved before Michaelmas, 1233, by which he left the wood of Mythe and a gilt silver cross to Tewkesbury Abbey. His widow, Isabel, married (2nd) 30 March 1231 Richard, Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, younger son of John, King of England, by his 2nd wife, Isabel, daughter of Ademar, Count of Angouleme. She died at Berkhampstead in childbed of jaundice 17 Jan.
=== Name ===: Sir Gilbert de CLARE, 4th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl Gloucester Source: [[#S4]] Vol II, page 184-186 ''Medieval Lands'' Source: [[#S4]] Source: [[#S148]] Page: 28Source: [[#S37]] Page: Line 28
=== Birth ===: Birth: abt 1180, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England Source: [[#S37]] Page: 28 Source: [[#S4]] Vol II, page 184-186
=== Marriage ===
: Husband: [[De Clare-219|Gilbert de Clare]]
: Wife: [[Marshall-1372|Isabel Marshall]]
: Child: [[De Clare-215|Richard de Clare]]
: Child: [[De Clare-220|Isabel de Clare]]: Marriage: 09 OCT 1217 ''Medieval Lands'' Source: [[#S37]] Page: 28
=== Death and Burial ===: Death: 25 OCT 1230, Penrose, Brittany''Medieval Lands'' Source: [[#S37]] Page 28: Burial 11 NOV 1230 Tewksbury, Gloucester, EnglandSource: [[#S4]] Vol II, page 184-186, buried before the high altar of the abbey ''Medieval Lands''
=== Brief Summary ===: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (1180 - 25 October 1230) was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,''Medieval Lands'' from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal, whose daughter Isabel he later married.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year. He then joined in an expedition to Brittany, but died on his way back to Penrose in that duchy. His body was conveyed home by way of Plymouth and Cranborne to Tewkesbury. His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.
=== Gateway Ancestors ===:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
*Royal Ancestry 2013 Vol. II p. 184-191
*Magna Carta Ancestry 2011 2nd ed. Vol. I p. 451-460
* ''Medieval Lands'', database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#AmiceFitzRobertdied12241225 Gilbert de Clare], son of Richard de Clare.
* Magna Carta Barons, database online, Prof. Nigel Saul and the Magna Carta Barons Association, [http://www.magnacartabarons.info/gilbert-de-clare ''Gilbert de Clare'']. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.
* Source S-2024265454 [[#S-2024265454]] Repository: [[#R-2024265400]], R-2024265400, ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* Source S-2024265474 [[#S-2024265474]], Repository: [[#R-2024265400]], ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
* S4 Richardson, Douglas, and Kimball G. Everingham. 2013. ''Royal ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families''. Salt Lake City, UT.: Douglas Richardson. Vol I, page 587-590; Vol II, page 184-186, 298-299; Vol IV, page 47; cited by Mr. Marlyn Lewis, [http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p104.htm#i3127 Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins], database online, Portland, Oregon.
* S148 ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215'', 3rd edition, Weis, Frederick (Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1979), Note: RIN#10000
* Source: S37 ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215'', 4th ed., Weis, Frederick, (Lewis Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1991)
* Douglas Richardson, ''[http://www.royalancestry.net/ Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families],'' Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011)
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
----} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
} [[Category: Clare-651 Descendants]][[Category:Knights bachelor]]
== Vitals ==: The [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta Project]'s foundational reference is Douglas Richardson's work - ''[[#Douglas_Richardson|Magna Carta Ancestry]]'' and ''[[#Richardson|Royal Ancestry]].'' The information in this section is from Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry.''''Royal Ancestry,'' Volume II, pp 182-192, CLARE ([[#Douglas_Richardson]]) Additional information about Gilbert de Clare in this profile is drawn from a variety of sources, as noted in the text.
: '''Gilbert de Clare''', Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
: '''Born''' about 1180, son and heir of [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] by [[FitzWilliam-253|Amice]] of Gloucester, daughter of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester.
: '''Married''' on October 9, 1217 [[Marshal-124|Isabel]], born October 9, 1200 at Pembroke Castle, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke, by Isabel, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert.
: '''Children''':* [[Clare-99|Richard de Clare]], Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, born August 4, 1222, married (1) Margaret de Burgh, (2) Maud de Lacy
* [[Clare-309|William de Clare]], Knt., born May 18, 1228
* [[Clare-310|Gilbert de Clare]], born September 12, 1229* [[Clare-124|Amice de Clare]], born May 27, 1220, married (1) Baldwin de Rivers (or Reviers), Knt., (2) Robert de Guines
* [[Clare-125|Agnes de Clare]]* [[Clare-18|Isabel de Clare]], married Robert de Brus, Knt., of Annandale in Scotland
: Sir Gilbert de Clare '''died''' at Penros on October 25, 1230 and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. He left two wills, dated April 30, 1230 and October 23, 1230, proved "before Michaelmas, 1233." His son was in his minority.Richardson does not note which son Isabel, his widow, married (2) Richard of England on March 30, 1231. She died January 17, 1239/40, "testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, in childbed of jaundice.... her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave."
== Brief Biographical Summary ==: Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford (c1180-25 October 1230),[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186Source: [[#S148|Weis]] Page: 28, Line 28 was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford,[[#MedLands]] from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice FitzWilliam, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.}
: In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons who signed Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War, fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal,} whose daughter Isabel he married on October 9, 1217.
: In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III. In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam, who was released the next year.}
: In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy.[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] of Richard and Gilbert de Clare by Professor Nigel Saul, posted by the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee] He was buried 11 November 1230, Tewksbury, Gloucester, England before the high altar of the abbey.[[#S4|Lewis]]: Vol II, page 184-186 His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans. The blazon for Gilbert de Clare's arms: Or, three chevronels gules.}
== Biography ==
: by Professor Nigel Saul
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family���s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke.
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare.
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm.
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family.
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches. The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200.
"Earl Gilbert was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow.
"By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
[http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/richard-de-clare-and-gilbert-de-clare/ Biography] courtesy of [http://https//www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/experts/directory/saulnigel.aspx Professor Nigel Saul] and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-673_Descendants Clare-673 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* ''Magna Charta'', John S Wurts, Vols III and V, 1940
* ''Royal Ancestors'', Michel Call
This page has been edited in accordance with [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
Events
| Birth | Abt 1180 | Hertford, Hertfordshire, England | |||
| Marriage | 9 Oct 1217 | Isabel "Countess of Glouster and Hertford, Cornwall and Poitou" Marshal | |||
| Death | 25 Oct 1230 | Perres Guirrec Penrose, Bretagne, France | |||
| Alt name | Gilbert Clare Knt | ||||
| Title (Nobility) | Sir | ||||
| Reference No | 8208054 | ||||
| Reference No | 8570742 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Spouse | Isabel "Countess of Glouster and Hertford, Cornwall and Poitou" Marshal (1200 - 1240) |
| Child | Isabel Clare (1226 - 1264) |
| Child | Amice Clare (1220 - 1284) |
| Child | Richard Clare Knt (1222 - 1262) |
| Child | Sir Richard "6th Earl of Gloucester, 5th Earl of Hertford, High Marshal and Chief Butler to the Archbishop of Canterbury" Clare (1222 - 1262) |
| Child | Agnes Clare (1224 - ) |
| Child | William Clare (1224 - 1264) |
| Child | Gilbert Clare (1225 - 1241) |
| Father | Richard Clare (1153 - 1217) |
| Mother | Amice FitzWilliam (1160 - 1225) |
| Sibling | Maud Clare (1175 - 1220) |
| Sibling | Isabel Clare (1178 - ) |
| Sibling | Joane Clare (1185 - ) |
| Sibling | Richard Clare (1186 - 1228) |
| Sibling | Hawise Clare (1190 - 1235) |