Individual Details
Richard Clare
(Abt 1153 - Bef 28 Nov 1217)
[[Category:Knights bachelor]]}
== Biography ==
: 3rd Earl of Hertford (but generally styled Earl of Clare), Baron of Clare, Suffolk, son and heir of Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford, by Maud, daughter and heiress of James de Saint Hilary, of Field Dalling, Norfolk. Douglas Richardson, [http://books.google.co.id/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=PA446&dq=richard+de+clare+douglas+richardson+magna+carta+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cEA5U4KRD4mDiQe904CYBA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=richard%20de%20clare%20douglas%20richardson%20magna%20carta%20ancestry&f=false Magna Carta Ancestry] (2005), p. 446.
: Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (c.1153 - 30 December 1218) was the son of Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford and Maud de St. Hilary. More commonly known as the Earl of Clare, he had the majority of the Giffard estates from his ancestor, Rohese. He was present at the coronations of King Richard I at Westminster, 3 September 1189, and King John on 27 May 1199. He was also present at the homage of King William of Scotland at Lincoln.Wikipedia. Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_3rd_Earl_of_Hertford
===The de Clare Family===
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. [[Clare-645|Richard FitzGilbert de Clare]] of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family’s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke."Text courtesy of Professor Nigel Saul and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
===Marriage to Amicia===
: He married (c. 1172) Amice FitzRobert, Countess of Gloucester (c.1160-1220), second daughter, and co-heiress, of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, and Hawise de Beaumont. ''Medieval Lands'' Sometime before 1198, Earl Richard and his wife Amice were ordered to separate by the Pope on grounds of consanguinity. They separated for a time because of this order but apparently reconciled their marriage with the Pope later on.
He married AMICE OF GLOUCESTER, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester. Her maritagium included the town of Sudbury, Suffolk.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches.
The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200."
===Rebellion of 1173===
: He and his father-in-law, William, Earl of Gloucester, were both suspected of complicity, if not direct involvement, in Earl Hugh le Bigod's rebellion in 1173-74. Clare subsequently supported the king, when the kings son, Henry, whom he had crowned during his own lifetime, rebelled against his father.
: In 1173 he succeeded his father, Roger de Clare, as 3rd Earl of Hertford "Medieval Lands''
===1188 Banner of St. Edmund===
In 1188 he and Roger le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, disputed for the honor of carrying the banner of St. Edmund in battle. He was present at the coronation of Richard I at Westminster in 1189. In 1191 he was one of the eleven appointed by the Chancellor to determined the questions between himself and Prince John. In 1193 he was enjoined by the Chancellor to accompany him on his return to King Richard, then a prisoner in Germany. In 1194/5 he had acquittance as being with the King in the army in Normandy. At the start of the reign of King Richard I the barony of Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire (which had escheated to the crown in 1164) was divided between him and William Marshal, later Earl of Pembroke. He had a grant from King John of a moiety of the Giffard estates in Normandy and England. In 1198 he excused himself from personal attendance on the king at Hertford.
===Achievements===
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family."
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire."
===1198 Separation from Amice===
: Sometime before Michaelmas 1198, Earl Richard and his wife Amice were separated by order of the Pope on grounds of consanguinity, by which date she took personal possession of the town of Sudbury, Suffolk, her marriage portion. The kinship was presumably due their common descent from Harleve of Falaise, mother of William the Conqueror, King of England, they being related in the 5th and 6th degrees of kindred though Harleve. They were apparently considered divorced by Trinity term 1200, when Amice was called former wife of the Earl of Clare. The issue of the validity of their marriage was presumably resolved, as Amice styled herself in later charters Countess of Clare. Regardless, they appeared to have been estranged at the time of Earl Richards death, as her charters make no mention of her husband, but only their son and heir, Gilbert.
===1201-1214 More Transactions===
: In 1201 he paid £100 in order to obtain possession of the manor of Saham, Norfolk by writ of mort d'ancestor against Roger de Tony, but Tony subsequently recovered the manor. Sometime prior to 1206, he granted the church of Yalding, Kent with the chapelry of Brenchley to Tonbridge Priory. In 1214 the canons of Nutley Abbey secured the church of Bottesham, Cambridgeshire against Richard de Clare.
===1215 Magna Carta Surety===
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare."
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm."
: On 9 Nov. 1215 he was one of the commissioners on the part of the Barons to treat of peace with the king. He sided with the Barons against King John. He played a leading part in the negotiations with the King, becoming a Magna Carta Surety. His lands were taken, and he and his son were among the Barons excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in 1216. On returning to fealty 5 Oct. 1217, he had restitution. On the death of her sister, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, in 1217, Amice became sole heir to their father, William, Earl of Gloucester.
: He sided with the Barons against King John, even though he had previously sworn peace with the King at Northampton, and his castle of Tonbridge was taken. He played a leading part in the negotiations for Magna Carta, ''Medieval Lands'' being one of the twenty five sureties. On 9 November 1215, he was one of the commissioners on the part of the Barons to negotiate the peace with the King. In 1215, his lands in counties Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex were granted to Robert de Betun. He and his son were among the Barons excommunicated by the Pope in 1215. His own arms were: Blazon for Richard Earl of Clare, Hertford and Gloucester: Or, three chevronels gules.
===1225 Reissue of Magna Carta===
"Earl Richard was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow."
===1217 Death of Sir Richard===
SIR RICHARD DE CLARE, Earl of Hertford, died between 30 Oct. and 28 Nov. 1217. Following his death, Tonbridge Priory petitioned the bishop to grant indulgence to all who prayed for the soul of Sir Richard de Clare, formerly Earl of Hertford, whose body lies in the church of St. Mary Magdalen of Tonbridge, and the souls of all faithful departed deceased and those who have assisted in the building or upkeep of the lights of the church of St. Mary Magdalen in Tonbridge. His widow, Amice, caused the earls body to be carried to Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, where it was buried in the choir of the Abbey. In the period, 1217/23, Amice, Countess of Clare, gave free alms in her widowhood [viduetate mea] of a messuage in Sudbury, Suffolk to Stoke by Clare Priory. She allegedly died 1 January 1224/5.
: Between 30 OCT 1217 and 28 NOV 1217 when his will was written and probated. ''Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650, 6th ed.'' 28,153 ''Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650, 6th ed.'' 63-27
===Death of Amice===
: [Note: C.P. 6 (1926): 503 (sub Hertford) says Amice de Clare, Countess of Hertford is stated to have died 1 January 1222/5, before which date she appears to have been recognized as Countess of Gloucester. This statement regarding her being Countess of Gloucester appears to be without foundation. In Amices own charters which have survived, she refers to herself solely as Countess of Clare (i.e., Hertford), and never as Countess of Gloucester (see, for instance, Dugdale et al. Monasticon Anglicanum 6(3) (1830): 16581659 (charters of Amice, Countess of Clare, daughter of William Earl of Gloucester); C. Harper-Bill ed. Stoke by Clare Cartulary 1 (Suffolk Charters 4) (1982): 41-48 (charters of Amice, Countess of Clare); Mortimer Charters of St. Bartholomews Priory (Suffolk Charters 15) (1996): 2526 (charter of Amice, Countess of Clare). Rather, Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 1 (1817): 33 states that Amice's son and heir, Gilbert de Clare, took up the twin earldoms of Gloucester and Hertford in 1217, which occurred during his mothers lifetime. Earl Gilbert certainly had possession of the Gloucester inheritance before 1220/1, when the Pipe Rolls sub Norfolk and Suffolk state that Isti habunt quietancias per brevia Comes de Clara de 131 f etc. (Reference: Pipe Roll of 5 Henry III cited in C.P. 6 (1926): 503, footnote c). Presumably Amice was excluded from the Gloucester inheritance by the terms of her fathers agreement with King Henry II in 1176, by which King Henrys son, John (later King John) was acknowledge as heir to William Earl of Gloucester (as future husband of his daughter, Isabel); in return for this grant, the king agreed to give £100 yearly rental to Earl Williams younger daughters, Mabel and Amice (see Lambert Bletchingley: A Parish Hist. 1 (1921): 5354, 59, footnote 2).]
===Issue===
They had four sons and three daughters.
#[[Clare-673|Gilbert]], Knight, [Earl of Gloucester and Hertford],
#[[Clare-316|Richard]],
#Roger,
#Henry, ,
#[[Clare-672|Maud]],
#[[Clare-627|Hawise]],
#[[Clare-674|?Joan]].
In addition, WikiTree shows a daughter [[Clare-671|Isabel]] who is not confirmed by Richardson.
===Legacy==="By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-651_Descendants Clare-651 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* Douglas Richardson, ''[http://www.royalancestry.net/ Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families],'' Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), [http://books.google.co.id/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=PA446&dq=richard+de+clare+douglas+richardson+magna+carta+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cEA5U4KRD4mDiQe904CYBA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=richard%20de%20clare%20douglas%20richardson%20magna%20carta%20ancestry&f=false p. 446]
** Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry,'' Vol. II p. 180-184 (2013)
* ''Medieval Lands'', database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#RichardClare3Hertforddied1217 Richard]
* ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, 3rd edition''. Weis, Frederick Lewis. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1979.
* ''Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650, 6th ed.'' Weis, Frederick Lewis. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1988.
* ''Royal Database'', Camelot International, (Burke's old records) [http://www.camelotintl.com/royal/cgi Camelot International]
* Recs-Tewkesbury, Gloucs, Hist. Blechingly Lambert vol. 1 p. 42, 43
* ''Falaise Roll'' p. 80, 81
* ''Magna Charta Barons'', Wurts pp. 89, 90, 57, 58, 422
* Eng V vol. 2, p. 386, vol. 3, p. 242-44, vol. 4, p. 670, vol. 6, p. 499-502
==Acknowledgements==
This page has been edited according to [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
== Biography ==
: 3rd Earl of Hertford (but generally styled Earl of Clare), Baron of Clare, Suffolk, son and heir of Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford, by Maud, daughter and heiress of James de Saint Hilary, of Field Dalling, Norfolk. Douglas Richardson, [http://books.google.co.id/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=PA446&dq=richard+de+clare+douglas+richardson+magna+carta+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cEA5U4KRD4mDiQe904CYBA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=richard%20de%20clare%20douglas%20richardson%20magna%20carta%20ancestry&f=false Magna Carta Ancestry] (2005), p. 446.
: Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (c.1153 - 30 December 1218) was the son of Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford and Maud de St. Hilary. More commonly known as the Earl of Clare, he had the majority of the Giffard estates from his ancestor, Rohese. He was present at the coronations of King Richard I at Westminster, 3 September 1189, and King John on 27 May 1199. He was also present at the homage of King William of Scotland at Lincoln.Wikipedia. Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_3rd_Earl_of_Hertford
===The de Clare Family===
"The de Clares were one of the great baronial families of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, holding wide estates in eastern and western England and beyond. For a while the senior branch, based at Tonbridge (Kent), was eclipsed in fame and fortune by a brilliant junior branch which established itself in South Wales and the Marches. [[Clare-645|Richard FitzGilbert de Clare]] of this branch, known to history as ‘Strongbow’, was the leader of the semi-official Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in Henry II’s reign and obtained a grant of the lordship of Leinster from the king in 1171. This cadet branch became extinct in the male line on the death of Strongbow’s son Gilbert in 1185 and the family’s estates were later taken over by the Marshal earls of Pembroke."Text courtesy of Professor Nigel Saul and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
===Marriage to Amicia===
: He married (c. 1172) Amice FitzRobert, Countess of Gloucester (c.1160-1220), second daughter, and co-heiress, of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, and Hawise de Beaumont. ''Medieval Lands'' Sometime before 1198, Earl Richard and his wife Amice were ordered to separate by the Pope on grounds of consanguinity. They separated for a time because of this order but apparently reconciled their marriage with the Pope later on.
He married AMICE OF GLOUCESTER, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester. Her maritagium included the town of Sudbury, Suffolk.
"The most substantial of all the additions Earl Richard made to the family estate, however, came as a result of his marriage to Amicia, second daughter and eventual sole heiress of William, earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance was a vast one, comprising over 260 knights’ fees in England and extensive lands in Wales and the Marches.
The story of its partition among the three daughters and co-heiresses is long and complex. Mabel, the eldest of the three, was married to Amaury de Montfort, count of Evreux in Normandy, while Isabel, the third and youngest, was married to the future King John. Mabel’s marriage was childless and on her husband’s death her lands passed to Isabel. John, however, on becoming king, divorced Isabel so that he could marry the Poitevin heiress Isabella of Angouleme, giving his now ex-wife in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, another of the Twenty Five, and charging him 20,000 marks for the privilege. After Geoffrey died in 1216 her hand was taken by a third husband, Hubert de Burgh, but she herself died in 1217, and her estates passed to Amicia and her husband, Earl Richard. Earl Richard survived Isabel by only six weeks and did not live to secure formal seisin of her estates and title. It was left to his son and heir Gilbert, another of the Twenty Five, to succeed to the vast Gloucester inheritance. Shortly after his father’s death Gilbert assumed the combined titles of earl of Gloucester and Hertford. Countess Amicia lived out her last years in retirement, probably at Clare, having been separated from her husband, for reasons unknown, since 1200."
===Rebellion of 1173===
: He and his father-in-law, William, Earl of Gloucester, were both suspected of complicity, if not direct involvement, in Earl Hugh le Bigod's rebellion in 1173-74. Clare subsequently supported the king, when the kings son, Henry, whom he had crowned during his own lifetime, rebelled against his father.
: In 1173 he succeeded his father, Roger de Clare, as 3rd Earl of Hertford "Medieval Lands''
===1188 Banner of St. Edmund===
In 1188 he and Roger le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, disputed for the honor of carrying the banner of St. Edmund in battle. He was present at the coronation of Richard I at Westminster in 1189. In 1191 he was one of the eleven appointed by the Chancellor to determined the questions between himself and Prince John. In 1193 he was enjoined by the Chancellor to accompany him on his return to King Richard, then a prisoner in Germany. In 1194/5 he had acquittance as being with the King in the army in Normandy. At the start of the reign of King Richard I the barony of Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire (which had escheated to the crown in 1164) was divided between him and William Marshal, later Earl of Pembroke. He had a grant from King John of a moiety of the Giffard estates in Normandy and England. In 1198 he excused himself from personal attendance on the king at Hertford.
===Achievements===
"Earl Richard’s greatest and most lasting achievement was to add to the already considerable wealth and landed endowment of his line. In 1189 at the beginning of Richard’s reign, in a major acquisition, he received a grant of half of the honor (or feudal lordship) of the Giffard earls of Buckingham, which had escheated to the crown over twenty years before following the death of the last earl, Walter. The Lionheart effected an equal division between Earl Richard and his cousin Isabel, daughter of Strongbow and wife of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, both of whom claimed descent from Roesia, Walter’s aunt and wife of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, first founder of the family."
"In 1195 Earl Richard made another substantial, though less perhaps important, addition to his family’s inheritance when he obtained the feudal honor of St Hilary on the death of his mother Maud, Earl Roger��s widow. The honor, for which Richard offered £360 to the Crown, included lands in Norfolk and Northamptonshire."
===1198 Separation from Amice===
: Sometime before Michaelmas 1198, Earl Richard and his wife Amice were separated by order of the Pope on grounds of consanguinity, by which date she took personal possession of the town of Sudbury, Suffolk, her marriage portion. The kinship was presumably due their common descent from Harleve of Falaise, mother of William the Conqueror, King of England, they being related in the 5th and 6th degrees of kindred though Harleve. They were apparently considered divorced by Trinity term 1200, when Amice was called former wife of the Earl of Clare. The issue of the validity of their marriage was presumably resolved, as Amice styled herself in later charters Countess of Clare. Regardless, they appeared to have been estranged at the time of Earl Richards death, as her charters make no mention of her husband, but only their son and heir, Gilbert.
===1201-1214 More Transactions===
: In 1201 he paid £100 in order to obtain possession of the manor of Saham, Norfolk by writ of mort d'ancestor against Roger de Tony, but Tony subsequently recovered the manor. Sometime prior to 1206, he granted the church of Yalding, Kent with the chapelry of Brenchley to Tonbridge Priory. In 1214 the canons of Nutley Abbey secured the church of Bottesham, Cambridgeshire against Richard de Clare.
===1215 Magna Carta Surety===
"Richard de Clare, appointed to the Twenty Five, of the senior branch of the family, was the son of Roger de Clare (d. 1173), lord of Tonbridge, who was in turn the younger brother and successor of Gilbert II (d. 1152), to whom King Stephen had granted the title earl of Hertford in or around 1138. In the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries the earls used the title ‘of Hertford’ interchangeably with that of earl of Clare."
"For over four decades until his death in 1217 Earl Richard was the effective head of the house of Clare. He does not appear to have been especially active, however, playing little part in national affairs either in the last years of Henry II’s reign or in that of Richard the Lionheart. He only emerged as a figure of political importance towards the end of his life in the crisis of John’s reign, when he was appointed to the Twenty Five, most probably in recognition less of his personal qualities than his family’s exalted standing in the realm."
: On 9 Nov. 1215 he was one of the commissioners on the part of the Barons to treat of peace with the king. He sided with the Barons against King John. He played a leading part in the negotiations with the King, becoming a Magna Carta Surety. His lands were taken, and he and his son were among the Barons excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in 1216. On returning to fealty 5 Oct. 1217, he had restitution. On the death of her sister, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, in 1217, Amice became sole heir to their father, William, Earl of Gloucester.
: He sided with the Barons against King John, even though he had previously sworn peace with the King at Northampton, and his castle of Tonbridge was taken. He played a leading part in the negotiations for Magna Carta, ''Medieval Lands'' being one of the twenty five sureties. On 9 November 1215, he was one of the commissioners on the part of the Barons to negotiate the peace with the King. In 1215, his lands in counties Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex were granted to Robert de Betun. He and his son were among the Barons excommunicated by the Pope in 1215. His own arms were: Blazon for Richard Earl of Clare, Hertford and Gloucester: Or, three chevronels gules.
===1225 Reissue of Magna Carta===
"Earl Richard was an active participant on the baronial side in the civil war that followed in the wake of King John’s rejection of Magna Carta. He fought with Louis and the French at the battle of Lincoln in May 1217 and was taken captive by none other than William Marshal, the Regent, whose daughter, Isabel, he was later to marry. In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III’s definitive reissue of Magna Carta. In 1230 he accompanied Henry on his expedition to Brittany, but died on the way back at Penros, in the duchy. The earl’s body was brought by way of Plymouth to Tewkesbury, where he was buried before the high altar of the great abbey. A monument, now lost, was erected to his memory by his widow."
===1217 Death of Sir Richard===
SIR RICHARD DE CLARE, Earl of Hertford, died between 30 Oct. and 28 Nov. 1217. Following his death, Tonbridge Priory petitioned the bishop to grant indulgence to all who prayed for the soul of Sir Richard de Clare, formerly Earl of Hertford, whose body lies in the church of St. Mary Magdalen of Tonbridge, and the souls of all faithful departed deceased and those who have assisted in the building or upkeep of the lights of the church of St. Mary Magdalen in Tonbridge. His widow, Amice, caused the earls body to be carried to Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, where it was buried in the choir of the Abbey. In the period, 1217/23, Amice, Countess of Clare, gave free alms in her widowhood [viduetate mea] of a messuage in Sudbury, Suffolk to Stoke by Clare Priory. She allegedly died 1 January 1224/5.
: Between 30 OCT 1217 and 28 NOV 1217 when his will was written and probated. ''Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650, 6th ed.'' 28,153 ''Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650, 6th ed.'' 63-27
===Death of Amice===
: [Note: C.P. 6 (1926): 503 (sub Hertford) says Amice de Clare, Countess of Hertford is stated to have died 1 January 1222/5, before which date she appears to have been recognized as Countess of Gloucester. This statement regarding her being Countess of Gloucester appears to be without foundation. In Amices own charters which have survived, she refers to herself solely as Countess of Clare (i.e., Hertford), and never as Countess of Gloucester (see, for instance, Dugdale et al. Monasticon Anglicanum 6(3) (1830): 16581659 (charters of Amice, Countess of Clare, daughter of William Earl of Gloucester); C. Harper-Bill ed. Stoke by Clare Cartulary 1 (Suffolk Charters 4) (1982): 41-48 (charters of Amice, Countess of Clare); Mortimer Charters of St. Bartholomews Priory (Suffolk Charters 15) (1996): 2526 (charter of Amice, Countess of Clare). Rather, Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 1 (1817): 33 states that Amice's son and heir, Gilbert de Clare, took up the twin earldoms of Gloucester and Hertford in 1217, which occurred during his mothers lifetime. Earl Gilbert certainly had possession of the Gloucester inheritance before 1220/1, when the Pipe Rolls sub Norfolk and Suffolk state that Isti habunt quietancias per brevia Comes de Clara de 131 f etc. (Reference: Pipe Roll of 5 Henry III cited in C.P. 6 (1926): 503, footnote c). Presumably Amice was excluded from the Gloucester inheritance by the terms of her fathers agreement with King Henry II in 1176, by which King Henrys son, John (later King John) was acknowledge as heir to William Earl of Gloucester (as future husband of his daughter, Isabel); in return for this grant, the king agreed to give £100 yearly rental to Earl Williams younger daughters, Mabel and Amice (see Lambert Bletchingley: A Parish Hist. 1 (1921): 5354, 59, footnote 2).]
===Issue===
They had four sons and three daughters.
#[[Clare-673|Gilbert]], Knight, [Earl of Gloucester and Hertford],
#[[Clare-316|Richard]],
#Roger,
#Henry, ,
#[[Clare-672|Maud]],
#[[Clare-627|Hawise]],
#[[Clare-674|?Joan]].
In addition, WikiTree shows a daughter [[Clare-671|Isabel]] who is not confirmed by Richardson.
===Legacy==="By a strange irony, the de Clare family, like their predecessors in the Gloucester title, was to come to an end in 1314, after the death of the last earl, in the succession of three daughters and coheiresses and the partition of the family estates between them."
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Clare-651_Descendants Clare-651 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
: See also:
* Douglas Richardson, ''[http://www.royalancestry.net/ Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families],'' Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), [http://books.google.co.id/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=PA446&dq=richard+de+clare+douglas+richardson+magna+carta+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cEA5U4KRD4mDiQe904CYBA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=richard%20de%20clare%20douglas%20richardson%20magna%20carta%20ancestry&f=false p. 446]
** Richardson's ''Royal Ancestry,'' Vol. II p. 180-184 (2013)
* ''Medieval Lands'', database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#RichardClare3Hertforddied1217 Richard]
* ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, 3rd edition''. Weis, Frederick Lewis. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1979.
* ''Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650, 6th ed.'' Weis, Frederick Lewis. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1988.
* ''Royal Database'', Camelot International, (Burke's old records) [http://www.camelotintl.com/royal/cgi Camelot International]
* Recs-Tewkesbury, Gloucs, Hist. Blechingly Lambert vol. 1 p. 42, 43
* ''Falaise Roll'' p. 80, 81
* ''Magna Charta Barons'', Wurts pp. 89, 90, 57, 58, 422
* Eng V vol. 2, p. 386, vol. 3, p. 242-44, vol. 4, p. 670, vol. 6, p. 499-502
==Acknowledgements==
This page has been edited according to [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Descriptions of imported GedComs for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}
Events
| Birth | Abt 1153 | ||||
| Birth | Abt 1153 | Tonbridge Castle, Kent, England | |||
| Marriage | 1177 | Amice FitzWilliam | |||
| Death | Bef 28 Nov 1217 | ||||
| Death | Bef 28 Nov 1217 | Tonbridge Castle, Kent, England | |||
| Alt name | Sir Richard "Earl of Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford" Clare | ||||
| Reference No | 8144377 | ||||
| Reference No | 8501991 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Spouse | Amice FitzWilliam (1160 - 1225) |
| Child | Sir Gilbert "7th Earl of Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, Lord of Harfleur and Mostrevillers in Normandy" Clare (1180 - 1230) |
| Child | Maud Clare (1175 - 1220) |
| Child | Isabel Clare (1178 - ) |
| Child | Joane Clare (1185 - ) |
| Child | Richard Clare (1186 - 1228) |
| Child | Hawise Clare (1190 - 1235) |
| Father | Sir Roger "3rd Earl of Hertford" Clare (1116 - 1173) |
| Mother | Maud "Countess of Arundel & Hereford" St Hilary (1132 - 1173) |
| Sibling | Aveline Clare (1166 - 1225) |
| Sibling | Hawise "Eleanor" Clare (1154 - 1215) |
| Sibling | James Clare (1164 - ) |
| Sibling | Roger Clare (1168 - 1241) |
| Sibling | John Clare (1170 - ) |
| Sibling | Henry Clare (1172 - ) |