Individual Details
Lionel "Duke of Clarence" Plantagenet KG
(29 Nov 1338 - 17 Oct 1368)
[[Category:House of Plantagenet]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category:Ireland, Governors]]
[[Category: This Day In History October 17]]
[[Category: This Day In History November 29]]
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==Biography==:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence was the third, but second surviving, son of Edward III, King of England. He was born on 29 November 1328 in Antwerp, and so is typically styled of "Lionel of Antwerp."
:As a child, he was made Guardian of England from 1 July 1345 to 25 June 1346. He was nominated a Knight of the Garter in 1361. He was Chief of Governor of Ireland from 1361 to 1365, and part of 1367.
:He was married on 15 August 1342 at the Tower of London to Elizabeth de Burgh when he was only 3 years old and she was 10 years old. The marriage was consummated in 1352 when he was 14 years old. The marriage made him the Earl of Ulster and Baron of Connaught in the right of his wife, and bought him vast estates in Ireland. However, he was not able to gain possession of the land due the prevalence of the right of the heir ''male'' in the kingdom of Ireland.
:He died 17 Oct 1368 in Italy leaving only a daughter. The title of Duke of Clarence became extinct. The Earldom of Ulster and Barony of Connaught continued through his daughter in the right of his first wife.
=== Birth ===:'''Born:''' 29 November 1328 at St Michael's Abbey in Antwerp, Belgium.
=== Marriages and Children ===:'''Married:''' ''1st-'' Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter and sole heir William de Burgh, 3rd earl of Ulster, on 15 August 1342 at the Tower of London in London, England. She was born 6 July 1332. She died 10 December 1363.
:'''Married:''' ''2nd -'' Violante Visconti. They had no children.
:'''Children''' of Lionel of Antwerp and Elizabeth de Burgh:
#Philippa of Clarence.
=== Death ===
:'''Died:''' 17 October in 1368 Alba, Cuneo, Italy.
:'''Will:''' Dated 3 October 1368; proved 8 Jun 1369 at Lambeth: He wish to be buried at Clare. He was buried first at Pavia, but his body was removed to England and buried at convent of the Austin Friars at Clare, Suffolk beside his 1st wife.
:'''Buried:''' Augustine Friars in Clare, Suffolk, England.
:(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) Lionel died in 1368 at Montferrat in Italy and was buried in the church of S. Pietro Ciel d'Oro in Pavia, the burial place of St. Augustine. The duke was aged thirty, and his death, five months after his marriage to the Milanese princess, Violanta Visconti, was viewed with suspicion, such that Lionel's household came close to waging war on the Visconti. A letter from Edward III dated December 1368 gave instructions for his son to be buried locally in a manner befitting a prince. Lionel's will, however, dated two weeks before his death, instructed his burial in the Augustinian priory at Clare (in Suffolk), the burial place of his first wife, Elizabeth de Burgh (d.1363). Founded in 1248, Clare housed another royal tomb, that of Edward I's daughter, Joan of Acre, Countess of Clare and Gloucester (d.1307). The duke's wishes were observed, but the burial appears to have taken place as late as 1377, when the priory received payment of funds towards the coast of the funeral. There is no record of the Clare monuments, which were probably destroyed following the surrender of the priory in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
=== Notes ===*When Elizabeth died, Philippa became Countess of Ulster in her own right. She is also the person who the House of York based its claim to the throne, in addition to primogeniture.
*In fact, the crown should have passed to Lionel's heirs after the failure of the Black Prince’s line ... but it didn't. So it ended being an issue during the Wars of the Roses.Weir, Alison (1998). "A Race of Magnates." Lancaster and York: The wars of the roses. London: Pimlico. Ebook. ISBN: 9781446449172
*Second marriage: Violante Visconti Violante brought with her a marriage portion of 2 million gold florins and a string of towns and castles in Piedmont. Weir: After his first wife died, Lionel tried to establish an Italian principality for himself. So he married Violante Visconti, dau. Duke of Milan, but died in Italy in mysterious circumstances, possibly of poison, only 6 months afterwards.
== Sources ==
See also:*Richardson, Douglas. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, in 5 vols''. (Salt Lake City, Utah, 2013). See vol. 1 p. 87.* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA129 Page 129-31]* ''[[Space:Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900)* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (Tempus Publishing, 2003) ISBN 0-7524-2579-X p. 133* Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''The Magna Charta Sureties 1215'', additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. * Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n65/mode/2up Page 50-4]
* [[Wikipedia: Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence]]* [https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/LionelDukeofClarence.php : Library Ireland : A Compendium of Irish Biography : Lionel Duke of Clarence]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category:Ireland, Governors]]
[[Category: This Day In History October 17]]
[[Category: This Day In History November 29]]
}
==Biography==:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence was the third, but second surviving, son of Edward III, King of England. He was born on 29 November 1328 in Antwerp, and so is typically styled of "Lionel of Antwerp."
:As a child, he was made Guardian of England from 1 July 1345 to 25 June 1346. He was nominated a Knight of the Garter in 1361. He was Chief of Governor of Ireland from 1361 to 1365, and part of 1367.
:He was married on 15 August 1342 at the Tower of London to Elizabeth de Burgh when he was only 3 years old and she was 10 years old. The marriage was consummated in 1352 when he was 14 years old. The marriage made him the Earl of Ulster and Baron of Connaught in the right of his wife, and bought him vast estates in Ireland. However, he was not able to gain possession of the land due the prevalence of the right of the heir ''male'' in the kingdom of Ireland.
:He died 17 Oct 1368 in Italy leaving only a daughter. The title of Duke of Clarence became extinct. The Earldom of Ulster and Barony of Connaught continued through his daughter in the right of his first wife.
=== Birth ===:'''Born:''' 29 November 1328 at St Michael's Abbey in Antwerp, Belgium.
=== Marriages and Children ===:'''Married:''' ''1st-'' Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter and sole heir William de Burgh, 3rd earl of Ulster, on 15 August 1342 at the Tower of London in London, England. She was born 6 July 1332. She died 10 December 1363.
:'''Married:''' ''2nd -'' Violante Visconti. They had no children.
:'''Children''' of Lionel of Antwerp and Elizabeth de Burgh:
#Philippa of Clarence.
=== Death ===
:'''Died:''' 17 October in 1368 Alba, Cuneo, Italy.
:'''Will:''' Dated 3 October 1368; proved 8 Jun 1369 at Lambeth: He wish to be buried at Clare. He was buried first at Pavia, but his body was removed to England and buried at convent of the Austin Friars at Clare, Suffolk beside his 1st wife.
:'''Buried:''' Augustine Friars in Clare, Suffolk, England.
:(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) Lionel died in 1368 at Montferrat in Italy and was buried in the church of S. Pietro Ciel d'Oro in Pavia, the burial place of St. Augustine. The duke was aged thirty, and his death, five months after his marriage to the Milanese princess, Violanta Visconti, was viewed with suspicion, such that Lionel's household came close to waging war on the Visconti. A letter from Edward III dated December 1368 gave instructions for his son to be buried locally in a manner befitting a prince. Lionel's will, however, dated two weeks before his death, instructed his burial in the Augustinian priory at Clare (in Suffolk), the burial place of his first wife, Elizabeth de Burgh (d.1363). Founded in 1248, Clare housed another royal tomb, that of Edward I's daughter, Joan of Acre, Countess of Clare and Gloucester (d.1307). The duke's wishes were observed, but the burial appears to have taken place as late as 1377, when the priory received payment of funds towards the coast of the funeral. There is no record of the Clare monuments, which were probably destroyed following the surrender of the priory in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
=== Notes ===*When Elizabeth died, Philippa became Countess of Ulster in her own right. She is also the person who the House of York based its claim to the throne, in addition to primogeniture.
*In fact, the crown should have passed to Lionel's heirs after the failure of the Black Prince’s line ... but it didn't. So it ended being an issue during the Wars of the Roses.Weir, Alison (1998). "A Race of Magnates." Lancaster and York: The wars of the roses. London: Pimlico. Ebook. ISBN: 9781446449172
*Second marriage: Violante Visconti Violante brought with her a marriage portion of 2 million gold florins and a string of towns and castles in Piedmont. Weir: After his first wife died, Lionel tried to establish an Italian principality for himself. So he married Violante Visconti, dau. Duke of Milan, but died in Italy in mysterious circumstances, possibly of poison, only 6 months afterwards.
== Sources ==
See also:*Richardson, Douglas. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, in 5 vols''. (Salt Lake City, Utah, 2013). See vol. 1 p. 87.* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA129 Page 129-31]* ''[[Space:Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900)* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (Tempus Publishing, 2003) ISBN 0-7524-2579-X p. 133* Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''The Magna Charta Sureties 1215'', additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. * Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n65/mode/2up Page 50-4]
* [[Wikipedia: Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence]]* [https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/LionelDukeofClarence.php : Library Ireland : A Compendium of Irish Biography : Lionel Duke of Clarence]
Events
| Birth | 29 Nov 1338 | Antwerpen, Flanders, Belgium | |||
| Death | 17 Oct 1368 | Alba, Piedmont, Cuneo, Italy | |||
| Reference No | 1338390 | ||||
| Reference No | 1361717 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Father | Edward III "King of England" (1312 - 1377) |
| Mother | Philippa Hainaut (1314 - 1369) |
| Sibling | John "Duke of Lancaster" Plantagenet KG (1340 - 1399) |
| Sibling | Edward "the Black Prince, Prince of Wales" Plantagenet KG (1330 - 1376) |
| Sibling | Isabella "of England" Plantagenet LG (1332 - 1382) |
| Sibling | Joan "of England" Plantagenet (1335 - 1348) |
| Sibling | William Plantagenet (1337 - 1337) |
| Sibling | Edmund "1st Duke of York" Plantagenet KG (1341 - 1402) |
| Sibling | Blanche "of the Tower" Plantagenet (1342 - 1342) |
| Sibling | Mary Plantagenet (1344 - 1361) |
| Sibling | Margaret "Countess of Pembroke" Plantagenet (1346 - 1361) |
| Sibling | William Plantagenet (1348 - 1348) |
| Sibling | Thomas "1st Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Buckingham, Duke of Aumale" Plantagenet KG (1355 - 1397) |