Individual Details

John "King of Scotland, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Atholl" Stewart

(14 Aug 1337 - 4 Apr 1406)



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}[[Category:House of Stewart]][[Category:Earl of Carrick]]
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== Biography ==
'''Robert III, King of the Scots''' was born John Stewart. He took the name Robert upon becoming king in deference to popular feeling.
John Stewart was born in 1337. He was baptized as John Stewart. He died on 04 April 1406 at Dundonald Castle. He was 68 at the time of his death. He was buried three days later on 7 April 1406 at the Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.

===Titles===
: 22 Jun 1368: Received the title of Earl of Carrick
: 17 Oct 1379: Received the title Earl of Atholl : 19 April 1390 - 04 Apr 1406: Robert III, King of Scots 19 Apr 1390. He was crowned on Scone Abbey '''The Scots Peerage''', Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom, Edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, Lord Lyon King of Arms with Armorial Illustrations, Published 1904 by D. Douglas in Edinburgh, Vol. 1, p.17., http://archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun01pauluoft#page/17/mode/1up

===Family===Robert married [[Drummond-49|Annabella Drummond]], daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Lady Mary Montifex, daughter of Sir William Montifex on 13 March 1365 in Kyle, Ayrshire, ScotlandDispensation. Record for Annabella Drummond Stewart of Scotland; Robert III Stewart "King of Scotland". They had 7 seven children:
* [[Stewart-1855|David, Duke of Rothesay]] (b. 24 Oct 1378- d. 26 Mar 1402), he was once betrothed to Elizabeth Dunbar but married Marjory Douglas, daughter of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Jean Moray (or Joanna Moravia) of Strathearn.
* [[Stewart-1883|Robert (died in infancy)]]
* [[Stewart-419|James I of Scotland]] (b. Dec 1394 - d. 21 Feb 1437)* [[Stewart-2509| Margaret]] (d. btw 1450 -1456) m. Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, son son of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn.
* [[Stewart-1638|Mary]] she was married four times. * [[Stewart-1633|Elizabeth]] m. James Douglas, 1st Lord Dalkeith, son of Sir James Douglas and Agnes Dunbar
* [[Stewart-1859|Egidia]] (d.Infant)
Robert also had at least 2 natural (illegitimate) children.

* James Stewart of Killbride* [[Stewart-1721|John Stewart of Ardgowan and Blackhall]], ancestor to the Shaw-Stewart baronets

== Sources ==


See also:
* Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. I p. 615
* Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. I p. 647
* [[Wikipedia: Robert III of Scotland]]* [http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p107.htm#i3207 Marlyn Lewis]
http://www.thepeerage.com/p10210.htm#i102099

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[[Category:Magna Carta Profiles]]
[[Category:Declaration of Arbroath, Stewart Family Worklist]]
[[Category:Scotland, Notables]]
[[Category:Scottish Royalty]]
[[Category:House of Stewart]]
[[Category:Earls of Carrick]]
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== Biography ==
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===Family and Early Years===
'''Robert III, King of the Scots''' was born John Stewart, the son and heir of [[Stewart-1001|Robert II]] and [[Mure-3|Elizabeth Mure]], sometime around 1337.Douglas Richardson. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,'' 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp.647-656 BRUS 11. John StewartPaul, Sir James Balfour. ''The Scots Peerage.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), [https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun01paul/page/17/mode/1up vol. 1, p. 17].Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_Scaccarii_Regum_Scotorum/Ke4_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 4, appendix to preface clxx]. John was created earl of Carrick on 22 June 1368.''RRS, vi, no. 400.'' PoMS doc. 1/54/563 (22 Jun 1368), [https://www.poms.ac.uk/record/source/10853/ Charter from King David to John Stewart, son of Robert, steward of Scotland, and (John's) wife Annabella, of the earldom of Carrick].Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. ''Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), [https://archive.org/stream/scottishkingsre00dunbuoft#page/172/mode/1up p. 172] Because his parents had eloped and there were inevitable questions about the validity of their marriage, he was legitimated by papal dispensation and, on 27 March 1371, declared by parliament to be heir to the throne of Scotland.''Acts of Parliament of Scotland, 1124-1423,'' [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035897480&view=1up&seq=562 vol. 1, p.182].
In 1384, Robert II's health began to fail and John, as his eldest son and heir, was appointed to supervise the enforcement of all laws within the kingdom.Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 16. Unfortunately, four years later (two years before he was to succeed his father) he was severely injured and permanently lamed when he was kicked by a horse belonging to Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith.Ashley, Mike. ''British Kings and Queens.'' New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers (1998), pp.553-554. Because John's injuries limited his physical ability to "enforce the laws," parliament appointed his younger brother Robert, earl of Fife, as Guardian of the Kingdom in his place, with complete responsibility for administering the government.Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=176 pp. 132-133].
John succeeded his father on 19 April 1390, and was crowned at Scone on 14 August of the same year, taking the regnal name of Robert III.''Acts of Parliament of Scotland, 1124-1423,'' [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035897472&view=1up&seq=19 vol.1, pt.2, p. 215].Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=177 pp.133-134].Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. ''Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), [https://archive.org/stream/scottishkingsre00dunbuoft#page/173/mode/1up p. 173] His wife, [[Drummond-49|Annabella Drummond]], was crowned Queen of Scots on the following day. The new king was fifty years old and in frail health; and his younger brother, the earl of Fife, continued to function as the Guardian of the Kingdom, making the king's position little more than symbolic.Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 23. This arrangement unfortunately gave rise to an increase in the independence claimed by many of the nobles (who were granted an annuity for their "retinue and service," which ordinarily would have been considered part of their lawful obligation to the king) and resulted in more power-grabs and warring among the various clans.MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 88.

===Major Events Affecting His Reign===Robert III has been variously described as "courteous," "dignified," and kind-hearted."MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), pp. 80-81. He wanted Scotland to be peaceful and prosperous, and for the most part his subjects recognized this and regarded him with affection. However, he was completely ineffectual as a leader, having neither the energy nor the will power to control his nobles. In 1393 he did make an attempt to seize control of the government back from his brother, but the results were disastrous. Although external relations with England and France were relatively peaceful,MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p.82. within Scotland itself lawlessness was rampant.MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p.86. His own youngest brother, Alexander, whose ruthless pillaging in the northern regions earned him the nickname of 'the Wolf of Badenoch,' was excommunicated by the Bishop of Moray for seizing some of his lands. The Wolf of Badenoch retaliated by setting fire to the town of Elgin and burning the magnificent cathedral of Elgin to the ground. Bribery and corruption were rife, there was a widening rift between the Lowlands and the Highlands, and clan warfare rose to new levels.
Robert III became so depressed by this state of affairs that he instructed his wife to bury him in a dungheap with the epitaph "Here lies the worst of kings and the most miserable of men." Mackay, Aeneas J.G. ''Dictionary of National Biography Online.'' [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Robert_III Robert III]. At this point Queen Annabella took matters into her own hands by calling a special council in April 1398. Robert III appears to have been present at this meeting, at which his eldest son, David (then only nineteen years of age), was created duke of Rothesay and his brother Robert, earl of Fife, was created duke of Albany (marking the first time the title of duke was ever used in Scotland).Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=181 p. 137].Banks, T.C. ''Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England.'' London: J. White (1837), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002667023&view=1up&seq=437 vol. 4, p. 421].Politics at court quickly became an ongoing battle beween the queen and her son on one side, and the ambitious duke of Albany ( who had earlier become accustomed to governing the kingdom himself) on the other side.MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p.88.
In January, 1399, civil unrest became so uncontrolled that the Estates (encouraged by Albany) decided to depose the king.MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), pp.89-90. They did not call for his abdication because he was well liked personally, but they did conclude that the misgovernance of the realm was due to the king and his ministers, and declared that "...''sen it is welesene and kennit that our lorde the kynge for seknes of his persone may nat trauail to gouerne the Realme na restreygne trespassours and rebellours''" the task of governing would be given to a Council General. Albany, however, did not get the job. David, duke of Rothesay and heir to the throne (now twenty years of age) was made Governor. Unfortunately for David, Albany was made one of his senior advisors.
Rothesay was required to take the same oath as a king at coronation, and detailed provisions were enacted to prevent any interference by Robert III in government affairs. The king made no attempt to recover his power, depressed and convinced that he was a complete failure he retired to the family estates at Rothesay and in Ayrshire.
David was young, reckless, and not an astute politician. His dissolute lifestyle gained him some powerful enemies, not the least among them George, earl of March, whose daughter he was engaged to marry but whom he jilted in order to marry the daughter of Archibald the Grim, 3rd earl of Douglas, who had a larger dowry.Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=182 p. 138].Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 24. When the queen died in October 1401,Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=183 p. 139]. Albany contrived to have David arrested and thrown into the prison at Falkland Castle in Fife where he was left to starve to death. David Stewart, duke of Rothesay, died 26 Mar 1402. His death has been variously ascribed to starvation, slow poison, or even dysentery caused by the primitive conditions of his confinement.Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 24-25.Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=183 pp. 139-140]. Because the circumstances of his death strongly suggested foul play, Albany arranged for a declaration of the Estates which pronounced David's death to be "the visitation of Providence." It should be noted, however, that Jon Wright, one of the persons in whose care David was committed, later received a payment of £108 from Albany.
Albany lost no time in grabbing the reins of power, and now only an old man in failing health and an eight year old boy stood between himself and the throne.MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. ''The Rise of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. (1935), p. 98.

===Marriage and Children===John married [[Drummond-49|Annabella Drummond]], daughter of [[Drummond-50|Sir John Drummond]] of Stobhall and [[Montifex-1|Mary Montifex]], daughter of [[Montfichet-8|Sir William Montifex]], sometime after 13 March 1365 (the date of the commission to grant a dispensation for their marriage) and before 31 May 1367 (when King David granted a charter to the earldom of Atholl in both their names).''RRS, vi, no. 372.'' PoMS doc. 1/54/520 (31 May 1367), [https://www.poms.ac.uk/record/source/10810/ Charter from King David to John Stewart of Kyle and Annabella, daughter of the late John Drummond, his spouse, of the earldom of Atholl]. There were seven children from this marriage:
* [[Stewart-1855|David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay]]; b. 24 Oct 1378;Paul, Sir James Balfour. ''The Scots Peerage.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), [https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun01paul/page/17/mode/1up vol. 1, pp. 17-18].Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_Scaccarii_Regum_Scotorum/Ke4_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxi] m. Feb 1400 [[Douglas-414|Marjory Douglas]]; d. 26 Mar 1402
* [[Stewart-1883|Robert Stewart]]; b. bef 1392;Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_scaccarii_regum_Scotorum_The_exch/4PwUAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 3, pp. 290, 300]. d. youngWeir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 227
* [[Stewart-419|James I of Scotland]]; b. 25 Jul 1394;Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_Scaccarii_Regum_Scotorum/Ke4_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxii].Douglas Richardson. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Famiies,'' 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 656-662 BRUS 12. James I of Scotland m. Feb 1424 [[Beaufort-20|Joan Beaufort]];Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. ''Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), [https://archive.org/stream/scottishkingsre00dunbuoft#page/187/mode/1up p. 187] d. 21 Feb 1437Sandford, Francis (Lancaster Herald of Arms). ''A Genealogical History of the Kings of England.'' Thomas Newcomb, printer (1677), [https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhist00sand/page/316/mode/1up p. 316].Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 43
* [[Stewart-2508|Margaret Stewart]]; m. bef 1390 [[Douglas-389|Archibald Douglas]], 4th Earl of Douglas;Douglas Richardson. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,'' 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp.649-652 BRUS 11.iii. Margaret StewartWeir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 228 d. aft Jan 1449/50 and bef Sep 1456
* [[Stewart-1633|Elizabeth Stewart]] m. bef 10 Nov 1387 [[Douglas-409|James Douglas]], 1st Lord DalkeithDouglas Richardson. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,'' 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 652 BRUS 11.iv. Elizabeth StewartPaul, Sir James Balfour. ''The Scots Peerage.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), [https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun01paul/page/18/mode/1up vol. 1, p. 18].
* [[Stewart-1638|Mary Stewart]] ['''''see research notes''''']; b. in or aft. 1738; m(1) aft 24 May 1397 [[Douglas-390|George Douglas]], 13th earl of Angus;Douglas Richardson. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,'' 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp.653-656 BRUS 11.v. Mary Stewart m(2) bef. 27 Jan 1405/6 [[Kennedy-996|Sir James Kennedy]] of Dunure; m(3) bef. 15 May 1416 [[Graham-913|William Graham]], 1st Lord Graham of Kincardine;Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_Scaccarii_Regum_Scotorum/Ke4_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxiv]. m(4) 1425 [[Edmonstone-10|Sir William Edmonstone]] of Duntreath; d. aft. Feb 1461/2
* [[Stewart-1859|Egidia Stewart]] (died unmarried)Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), p. 229 ['''''see research notes''''']
Robert III also had at least 2 illegitimate sons by an unknown mistress (before his marriage to Annabella):
* James Stewart of Killbride; b. bef. 1388Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_Scaccarii_Regum_Scotorum/Ke4_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxv].* [[Stewart-1721|John Stewart]] of Ardgowan and Auchingowan]]; b. bef 20 May 1390
===Death===It took Robert III almost four years to realize that his youngest and only surviving son might be in danger from Albany, who had been implicated in his eldest son's murder. Late in February 1406 he asked Sir David Fleming to help smuggle young James out of Scotland to France, to ensure his safety. This mission turned out to be a disaster: Fleming was ambushed and killed and high tides delayed the ship which was to convey the boy to France. When Henry St Clair finally managed to hide James on a cargo ship instead, it was attacked by pirates who took the young prince to England where he was imprisoned in the Tower of London.Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 28. Robert III died 4 April 1406 at Dundonald, Ayrshire. He is thought to have died of grief, shortly after having learned of his youngest son's imprisonment.Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=187 pp. 143-144].
He was buried in front of the high altar in the Abbey Church at Paisley, Renfrewshire. In accordance with his wishes, the funeral was not an elaborate one.Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotland'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://archive.org/stream/rotuliscaccariir03grea?ref=ol#page/n99/mode/1up vol. 3, preface p. xcvi]. It was not until many years later that a monument to his memory was erected by Queen Victoria.
==Research Notes==
::'''(Daughter) Mary Stewart:'''*Douglas Richardson believes that Mary had five husbands, and that husband number three was William de Cunningham, Knt of Kilmaurs. He cites as evidence the papal dispensation granted for this marriage on 7 July 1409.McGurk, Francis (ed). ''Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Benedict XIII of Avignon 1394-1419.'' Scottish History Society, 4th series, vol. 13 (1976), [https://digital.nls.uk/scottish-history-society-publications/browse/archive/126661647#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=247&xywh=-426%2C-158%2C2592%2C3141 p. 207]. No other historian gives credence to this marriage. James Balfour Paul acknowledges the papal dispensation and states "....there is no clear evidence that the marriage with Sir William Cunningham took place, though it is not improbable."Paul, James Balfour. ''The Scots Peerage.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), [https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun04paul/page/230/mode/1up vol. 4, p. 230]. Alison Weir also references the papal dispensation but adds "....it is doubtful whether the marriage ever took place." Sir Archibald Dunbar makes no mention of a marriage to Cunningham, only listing four husbands for Mary.Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. ''Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), [https://archive.org/stream/scottishkingsre00dunbuoft#page/180/mode/1up p. 180] More significantly, however, the ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland) does not list Cunningham as one of Mary's husbands.Burnett, George (ed). ''Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum'' (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1880), [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rotuli_Scaccarii_Regum_Scotorum/Ke4_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 vol. 4, appendix to preface clxxiii]. The Exchequer Rolls are a meticulous accounting of all expenditures made by the royal treasury and provide documentation of all of Mary's other four marriages but do not contain any evidence that a marriage between Mary and Cunningham was ever formalized. Accordingly, he is not listed as one of Mary's husbands in this profile.

::'''(Daughter) Egidia (or Giles) Stewart:'''*In ''The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland'' there are remissions in the accounts dated March 1405/6 and March 1406/7 of the custom of the wool of Galloway, Nithsdale, and Douglasdale to Egidia, daughter of Robert III. This suggests that Egidia was the Countess of Douglas, who is called "Margaret" in several crown charters and has been identified as Robert III's eldest daughter. It is unknown whether Margaret and Egidia were the same person (although the distinguished scholar/historian, Thomas F. Henderson, does believe that this was the case),Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''The Royal Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 26. or whether Egidia was actually a younger daughter of Robert III. There are, however, numerous payments made to an "Egidia, daughter of Robert III" by authority of the governor, usually said to be for her adornment ("pro apparatu suo") and some of these payments were received on her behalf by her uncle, the earl of Atholl. Alison Weir describes Egidia as having died unmarried, although she gives no source for this statement.

== Sources ==

See also:*Birch, W. de G. ''Catalogue of Seals in the....British Museum.'' London: the Trustees (1895), vol. 4, pp. 15-16, [https://archive.org/details/catalogueofseals04brit/page/15/mode/1up Robert III].
*Cawley, Charles. ''Medieval Lands, Scotland, Kings.'' Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands database, chapter 6, [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#_Toc253996210 Stewart].
*Ewan, Elizabeth et al. ''The New Biographical DIctionary of Scottish Women.'' Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2018), pp. 16-17. (Annabelle Drummond)
*Johnston, G. Harvey. ''The Heraldry of the Stewarts.'' Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston (1908), p. 10 (ped.); pp. 15-16 (arms), [https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/9558/95587188.23.pdf available online].
*Kennedy, Matthew. ''A Chronological Genealogical and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts.'' Paris: Lewis Coignard Printer (1705), pp. 207-208.
*Macdonald, William Rae. ''Scottish Armorial Seals.'' Edinburgh: W. Green (1904), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433066604228&view=1up&seq=383 pp. 321-322].
*Mackay, Aeneas J.G. ''Dictionary of National Biography Online.'' [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Drummond,_Annabella Annabella Drummond].
*Paul, Sir James Balfour. ''The Scots Peerage.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1905), [https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun02paul/page/438/mode/1up vol. 2, pp. 438-439]. (Carrick)
*Paul, Sir James Balfour. ''The Scots Peerage.'' Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1910), [https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun07paul/page/37/mode/1up vol. 7, p. 37]. (Annabelle Drummond)
*Richardson, Douglas. ''Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families'', 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2011. See also WikiTree's source page for [[Space:Magna_Carta_Ancestry|''Magna Carta Ancestry'']].
*Richardson, Douglas. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families'', 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2013. See also WikiTree's source page for [[Space:Royal_Ancestry|''Royal Ancestry'']]
* Wikipedia: [[Wikipedia:Robert_III_of_Scotland|Robert III of Scotland]]

== Acknowledgements ==Click the Changes tab to see edits to this profile. Thank you to everyone who contributed to this profile.
=== Magna Carta Project ===
}:This profile was revised by [[Stevens-17832|Jen Hutton]] in December 2020 and reviewed/approved for the Magna Carta Project by [[Cayley-55|Michael Cayley]] on 30 December 2020.
:} appears in ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' in a Richardson-documented trail from [[:Category:Gateway Ancestors|Gateway Ancestor]] [[Houston-1467|Patrick Houston]] to [[:Category:Surety Barons|Magna Carta Surety Barons]] [[Clare-673|Gilbert de Clare]] and [[Clare-651|Richard de Clare]] (vol. II, pages 403-407 HOUSTON). The [[Project:Magna Carta|Magna Carta Project]] also identified this profile in trails between Patrick Houston and surety barons [[Bigod-1|Hugh le Bigod]] and [[Bigod-2|Roger le Bigod]]. These trails have not yet been developed by the Project and are set out in the [[Houston-1467#Magna Carta Trails|Magna Carta Trails]] section of the Gateway's profile.
: See [[Space:Magna_Carta_Team_Base_Camp|Base Camp]] for more information about identified Magna Carta trails and their status. See the project's [[Space:Magna Carta Project Glossary|glossary]] for project-specific terms, such as a "badged trail".

    Events

    Birth14 Aug 1337Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland
    Marriage13 Mar 1365Annabella "Queen of Scotland" Drummond
    Death4 Apr 1406Rothsay Castle, Dundonald, Ayr, Scotland
    Death4 Apr 1406Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
    Alt nameJohn Stewart
    Reference No879560
    Reference No900038
    Reference No60

    Families