Individual Details
Sir Thomas "The Rebel, The Younger" Wyatt
(Abt 1522 - 11 Apr 1554)
[[Category:5-Star Magna Carta Project Profiles]][[Category:Malet-18 Descendants]][[Category: People Executed by the Tudors]]
}Thomas Wyatt is in a badged trail to surety baron William Malet. (see [[#Magna Carta Project|text below]]).
== Biography =='''Thomas Wyatt''', Knt., of Allington, Kent, son of [[Wyatt-247|Sir Thomas Wyatt]] and [[Brooke-26|Elizabeth Brooke]], was born about 1522.Richardson, Douglas. ''Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families'', 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. (Salt Lake City: the author, 2011), vol. IV, page 383, WYATT 15.Archer, Ian W. "Wyatt, Sir Thomas, soldier and rebel" in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. September 28, 2006. Oxford University Press. Accessed online 22 Nov 2019 at [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30112 OxfordDNB.com] with subscription.
===Military and Career===:Thomas Wyatt's level of education is unknown, but he was thought to be knowledgeable about classical military authorities. It is also known that his father had recommended that he study moral philosophy as evidenced in a letter from father to son.
:Thomas was a soldier and was closely associated with [[Howard-5|Henry Howard]], Earl of Surrey. In London in 1543, Thomas was arrested for rioting (in a late-night rampage through the city with Surrey and William Pickering) and for eating meat on Fridays and fast days. For this, he spent a month in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London Tower of London].
:In June 1544, Thomas was commissioned to lead 100 men in the war against France; by November he was in charge of the Boulogne garrison and was promoted to captain of Basse-Boulogne in early 1545. He was knighted in January/May 1645. He was a knight of the shire for Kent in 1547, sitting on Edward VI's first parliament. He was a justice of the peace at Kent in 1547, on a commission for relief in 1550, and on a commission for goods of churches and fraternities in 1553. He also served as sheriff in 1550/1.
:On 11 November 1550, Thomas was appointed to join negotiations with the French over boundaries at Calais and to advise the deputy and council of Calais.
===Property===:Thomas had inherited a large estate from his father, who died in 1542. However, his father left many debts and, in 1543, Thomas sold a portion of his estates. The sale may have put him in disfavor with his tenants and neighbors, as his park at Boxley was one of the targets of anti-enclosure rioters in 1549. Thomas led the Kentish gentry in the suppression of the disorders.
:In June 1550, Thomas was granted the manor at Maidstone, Kent, where his father had been steward.
===Marriage and Issue===:In 1537, Sir Thomas Wyatt married [[Haute-1|Jane Haute]], daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Haute (or Hawte) of Bishopsbourne, Kent,[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/wyatt-sir-thomas-ii-1521-54 History of Parliament Online]: Sir Thomas Wyatt II by Mary Guildford.Richardson, Douglas. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,'' 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), vol. V, page 412, WYATT 21. They had six sons and four daughters:
*[[Wyatt-384|Richard]]*[[Wyatt-381|Charles]], died in infancyD.M. Loades, ed. ''The Papers of George Wyatt'', London: Camden Society 4th series, 1968, page 227.*[[Wyatt-377|Arthur]], died before reaching his majority without issue*[[Wyatt-378|Henry]], died in infancy
*[[Wyatt-385|Thomas]]* [[Wyatt-251|George]], Esq., youngest son and heir, born 1550, died in Ireland and was buried 1 September 1624 at Boxley, Kent; married Jane Finch and had six children
*[[Wyatt-383|Joyce]] (aka Jocasa)
*[[Wyatt-379|Ursula]]*[[Wyatt-376|Anne]], wife of Roger Twisden*[[Wyatt-180|Jane]], married Charles Scott, Esq.
:According to Loades, Thomas had seven children, of which five were living in 1555. He names Henry, Charles, Arthur, George, Jane and Anne, above, and lists another daughter, Mary, who died without issue.
===The Wyatt Rebellion===: It is thought that Thomas had not supported [[Tudor-2|Mary I]]'s accession in 1553 and, as possible supporter of [[Grey-215|Lady Jane Gray]] and close associate of her father, the [[Grey-157|Duke of Suffolk]], he was not a friend of the new regime. However, by 19 July 1553, he had proclaimed her queen. When rumors circulated of the possible marriage of Mary and [[Habsburg-1|King Philip]] of Spain, there was much opposition and Thomas was among those most vehemently opposed.
:The marriage was announced on 15 January 1554, and Thomas issued a proclamation ten days later, calling on the people of Kent to rise with him "to save England from the foreigners and the Queen from her advisors". His Kentish troops entered London on 7 February 1554, but he had no support there. At some point the rebellion disintegrated and Thomas was asked to surrender. He complied and was taken to the Tower.
:Thomas' arraignment was delayed until 15 March 1554, as the government tried to implicate [[Tudor-1|Princess Elizabeth]] in the plot. At trial, Thomas pleaded guilty to high treason. He strongly denied any involvement by Elizabeth and argued that he never intended to hurt the queen, but only wanted to stand "agaynst the comying in of strangers and Spanyerds and to abolyshe theym out of this realme".
===Death and Legacy===:For leading an armed rebellion against Queen Mary I at the time of her marriage to King Philip of Spain, Thomas was imprisoned at the Tower of London, found guilty of treason and was beheaded on 11 April 1554 at Tower Hill, and was possibly drawn and quartered after beheading.Eric N. Simone, ''The Queen and the Rebel'', London: Frederick Muller Ltd, 1964, page 174. While on the scaffold, Thomas maintained that Princess Elizabeth, the earl of Devon and others were innocent and had no part in his uprising.
:As he was attained for high treason, his lands and titles were forfeited to the crown. Queen Mary, in an act of compassion towards Thomas' widow, gave Jane an annuity of 200 marks in June 1554 and, in December 1555, restored a portion of Thomas' lands to the family. Queen Elizabeth I restored the manor of Boxley, Kent to his widow and parliament reversed the attainder by 1570. In 1583, the queen granted to Jane and her heirs the manors of Pole and Criols, Kent and lands in Southfleet, Borden and Denton, Kent, which had formerly been held by Thomas' father, Sir Thomas the Elder (see Research Note on attainder below).
==Research Note==
===Attainder===
:From Jack Gatewood (comment below):
::Thomas had been found guilty of treason and attainted by Queen Mary. A result of the attainder was that his title (I believe probably a baronetcy) was declared extinct and all his property, including Allington Castle, escheated to the crown. The property , a very long list of parcels, was inventoried in 1555 and Lady Jane was evicted. By the terms of the attainder, none of TW2's descendants could ever own real property or hold a title. Most of the property was distributed to Mary's supporters right away, although a few minor parcels, such as her dowry, were returned to Lady Jane. (Loades, p. 230, et seq). Queen Elizabeth awarded Allington to Sir John Astley, Master of the Crown Jewels, in 1570, (Simone, p. 242) never to return to Wyatt ownership. Thomas' son George was therefore the last Wyatt to be born at Allington.
===Unsourced Children===:The following unsourced children of Thomas and Jane were detached on 23 Nov 2019: [[Wyatt-387|Edward]], [[Wyatt-380|Frances]] and [[Wyatt-883|Jethro]].
==Sources==
See also:*Stephen, Sir Leslie, ed. ''Dictionary of National Biography, 1921–1922''. 22 vols. (London, England: Oxford University Press, 1921–1922), online with subsc. at [https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1981/47596_83024005549_1441-00001? Ancestry.com], Vol. 21, pages 1102-1104.*''Notes and Queries'' (London, England: G. Bell, 1850-). Online at [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.19211333&view=1up&seq=17 Archive.org], c.1, ser 3, vol. 3 (3 Jan 1863) page 9-10: transcribed inscription of the Wiat family monument at Boxley, Kent.*Cave-Browne, John. ''The History of Boxley Parish''. (Maidstone: E. J. Dickinson, 1892), online at HathiTrust, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044081212748&view=1up&seq=180 page 146], etc.*[https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-wyatt-rebellion-of-1554/ HistoryLearningSite]: The Wyatt Rebellion*Flower, Robin. “The Wyatts of Allington Castle” in ''The British Museum Quarterly'', vol. 9, no. 4, 1935, pp. 117–119.Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4421740 JSTOR].*Thorp, Malcolm R. “Religion and the Wyatt Rebellion of 1554” in ''Church History'', vol. 47, no. 4, 1978, pp. 363–380. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3164313 JSTOR].*Wiatt, William H. “The Lost History of Wyatt's Rebellion” in ''Renaissance News'', vol. 15, no. 2, 1962, pp. 129–133. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2857425 JSTOR].*Robison, William B. “The National and Local Significance of Wyatt's Rebellion in Surrey” in ''The Historical Journal'', vol. 30, no. 4, 1987, pp. 769–790. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639118 JSTOR].*Kennedy, W. P. M. “The Imperial Embassy of 1553/4 and Wyatt's Rebellion” in ''The English Historical Review'', vol. 38, no. 150, 1923, pp. 251–258. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/551739 JSTOR].
== Acknowledgements ==Click the Changes tab to see edits to this profile. Thank you to everyone who contributed to this profile.
=== Magna Carta Project ===:This profile was re-reviewed/updated to meet current standards and approved for the Project by [[Thiessen-117|Traci Thiessen]] 22 November 2019.
:} appears in trails badged by the [[Project:Magna Carta|Magna Carta Project]] from [[:Category:Surety Barons|Magna Carta Surety Baron]] [[Malet-18|William Malet]] to the following [[:Category:Gateway Ancestors|Gateway Ancestors]]:*[[Fleete-1|Henry Fleete]]: developed in 2015 and badged in April 2020. See the trail [[Fleete-1#Magna Carta Trails|HERE]].*[[Scott-723|Dorothea Scott]]: badged in 2020. See the trail [[Scott-723#Magna Carta Trails|HERE]].*Wyatt Gateways ([[Wyatt-188|Hawte]] and [[Wyatt-366|Francis]]) (MCA IV:375-376 WYATT): badged in 2015, re-reviewed Apr 2020. See the trail [[Wyatt-188#Magna Carta Trails|HERE]].
:See [[Space:Magna_Carta_Team_Base_Camp|Base Camp]] for more information about Magna Carta trails. See the project's [[Space:Magna Carta Project Glossary|glossary]] for project-specific terms, such as a "badged trail".
}Thomas Wyatt is in a badged trail to surety baron William Malet. (see [[#Magna Carta Project|text below]]).
== Biography =='''Thomas Wyatt''', Knt., of Allington, Kent, son of [[Wyatt-247|Sir Thomas Wyatt]] and [[Brooke-26|Elizabeth Brooke]], was born about 1522.Richardson, Douglas. ''Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families'', 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. (Salt Lake City: the author, 2011), vol. IV, page 383, WYATT 15.Archer, Ian W. "Wyatt, Sir Thomas, soldier and rebel" in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. September 28, 2006. Oxford University Press. Accessed online 22 Nov 2019 at [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30112 OxfordDNB.com] with subscription.
===Military and Career===:Thomas Wyatt's level of education is unknown, but he was thought to be knowledgeable about classical military authorities. It is also known that his father had recommended that he study moral philosophy as evidenced in a letter from father to son.
:Thomas was a soldier and was closely associated with [[Howard-5|Henry Howard]], Earl of Surrey. In London in 1543, Thomas was arrested for rioting (in a late-night rampage through the city with Surrey and William Pickering) and for eating meat on Fridays and fast days. For this, he spent a month in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London Tower of London].
:In June 1544, Thomas was commissioned to lead 100 men in the war against France; by November he was in charge of the Boulogne garrison and was promoted to captain of Basse-Boulogne in early 1545. He was knighted in January/May 1645. He was a knight of the shire for Kent in 1547, sitting on Edward VI's first parliament. He was a justice of the peace at Kent in 1547, on a commission for relief in 1550, and on a commission for goods of churches and fraternities in 1553. He also served as sheriff in 1550/1.
:On 11 November 1550, Thomas was appointed to join negotiations with the French over boundaries at Calais and to advise the deputy and council of Calais.
===Property===:Thomas had inherited a large estate from his father, who died in 1542. However, his father left many debts and, in 1543, Thomas sold a portion of his estates. The sale may have put him in disfavor with his tenants and neighbors, as his park at Boxley was one of the targets of anti-enclosure rioters in 1549. Thomas led the Kentish gentry in the suppression of the disorders.
:In June 1550, Thomas was granted the manor at Maidstone, Kent, where his father had been steward.
===Marriage and Issue===:In 1537, Sir Thomas Wyatt married [[Haute-1|Jane Haute]], daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Haute (or Hawte) of Bishopsbourne, Kent,[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/wyatt-sir-thomas-ii-1521-54 History of Parliament Online]: Sir Thomas Wyatt II by Mary Guildford.Richardson, Douglas. ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,'' 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), vol. V, page 412, WYATT 21. They had six sons and four daughters:
*[[Wyatt-384|Richard]]*[[Wyatt-381|Charles]], died in infancyD.M. Loades, ed. ''The Papers of George Wyatt'', London: Camden Society 4th series, 1968, page 227.*[[Wyatt-377|Arthur]], died before reaching his majority without issue*[[Wyatt-378|Henry]], died in infancy
*[[Wyatt-385|Thomas]]* [[Wyatt-251|George]], Esq., youngest son and heir, born 1550, died in Ireland and was buried 1 September 1624 at Boxley, Kent; married Jane Finch and had six children
*[[Wyatt-383|Joyce]] (aka Jocasa)
*[[Wyatt-379|Ursula]]*[[Wyatt-376|Anne]], wife of Roger Twisden*[[Wyatt-180|Jane]], married Charles Scott, Esq.
:According to Loades, Thomas had seven children, of which five were living in 1555. He names Henry, Charles, Arthur, George, Jane and Anne, above, and lists another daughter, Mary, who died without issue.
===The Wyatt Rebellion===: It is thought that Thomas had not supported [[Tudor-2|Mary I]]'s accession in 1553 and, as possible supporter of [[Grey-215|Lady Jane Gray]] and close associate of her father, the [[Grey-157|Duke of Suffolk]], he was not a friend of the new regime. However, by 19 July 1553, he had proclaimed her queen. When rumors circulated of the possible marriage of Mary and [[Habsburg-1|King Philip]] of Spain, there was much opposition and Thomas was among those most vehemently opposed.
:The marriage was announced on 15 January 1554, and Thomas issued a proclamation ten days later, calling on the people of Kent to rise with him "to save England from the foreigners and the Queen from her advisors". His Kentish troops entered London on 7 February 1554, but he had no support there. At some point the rebellion disintegrated and Thomas was asked to surrender. He complied and was taken to the Tower.
:Thomas' arraignment was delayed until 15 March 1554, as the government tried to implicate [[Tudor-1|Princess Elizabeth]] in the plot. At trial, Thomas pleaded guilty to high treason. He strongly denied any involvement by Elizabeth and argued that he never intended to hurt the queen, but only wanted to stand "agaynst the comying in of strangers and Spanyerds and to abolyshe theym out of this realme".
===Death and Legacy===:For leading an armed rebellion against Queen Mary I at the time of her marriage to King Philip of Spain, Thomas was imprisoned at the Tower of London, found guilty of treason and was beheaded on 11 April 1554 at Tower Hill, and was possibly drawn and quartered after beheading.Eric N. Simone, ''The Queen and the Rebel'', London: Frederick Muller Ltd, 1964, page 174. While on the scaffold, Thomas maintained that Princess Elizabeth, the earl of Devon and others were innocent and had no part in his uprising.
:As he was attained for high treason, his lands and titles were forfeited to the crown. Queen Mary, in an act of compassion towards Thomas' widow, gave Jane an annuity of 200 marks in June 1554 and, in December 1555, restored a portion of Thomas' lands to the family. Queen Elizabeth I restored the manor of Boxley, Kent to his widow and parliament reversed the attainder by 1570. In 1583, the queen granted to Jane and her heirs the manors of Pole and Criols, Kent and lands in Southfleet, Borden and Denton, Kent, which had formerly been held by Thomas' father, Sir Thomas the Elder (see Research Note on attainder below).
==Research Note==
===Attainder===
:From Jack Gatewood (comment below):
::Thomas had been found guilty of treason and attainted by Queen Mary. A result of the attainder was that his title (I believe probably a baronetcy) was declared extinct and all his property, including Allington Castle, escheated to the crown. The property , a very long list of parcels, was inventoried in 1555 and Lady Jane was evicted. By the terms of the attainder, none of TW2's descendants could ever own real property or hold a title. Most of the property was distributed to Mary's supporters right away, although a few minor parcels, such as her dowry, were returned to Lady Jane. (Loades, p. 230, et seq). Queen Elizabeth awarded Allington to Sir John Astley, Master of the Crown Jewels, in 1570, (Simone, p. 242) never to return to Wyatt ownership. Thomas' son George was therefore the last Wyatt to be born at Allington.
===Unsourced Children===:The following unsourced children of Thomas and Jane were detached on 23 Nov 2019: [[Wyatt-387|Edward]], [[Wyatt-380|Frances]] and [[Wyatt-883|Jethro]].
==Sources==
See also:*Stephen, Sir Leslie, ed. ''Dictionary of National Biography, 1921–1922''. 22 vols. (London, England: Oxford University Press, 1921–1922), online with subsc. at [https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1981/47596_83024005549_1441-00001? Ancestry.com], Vol. 21, pages 1102-1104.*''Notes and Queries'' (London, England: G. Bell, 1850-). Online at [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.19211333&view=1up&seq=17 Archive.org], c.1, ser 3, vol. 3 (3 Jan 1863) page 9-10: transcribed inscription of the Wiat family monument at Boxley, Kent.*Cave-Browne, John. ''The History of Boxley Parish''. (Maidstone: E. J. Dickinson, 1892), online at HathiTrust, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044081212748&view=1up&seq=180 page 146], etc.*[https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-wyatt-rebellion-of-1554/ HistoryLearningSite]: The Wyatt Rebellion*Flower, Robin. “The Wyatts of Allington Castle” in ''The British Museum Quarterly'', vol. 9, no. 4, 1935, pp. 117–119.Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4421740 JSTOR].*Thorp, Malcolm R. “Religion and the Wyatt Rebellion of 1554” in ''Church History'', vol. 47, no. 4, 1978, pp. 363–380. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3164313 JSTOR].*Wiatt, William H. “The Lost History of Wyatt's Rebellion” in ''Renaissance News'', vol. 15, no. 2, 1962, pp. 129–133. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2857425 JSTOR].*Robison, William B. “The National and Local Significance of Wyatt's Rebellion in Surrey” in ''The Historical Journal'', vol. 30, no. 4, 1987, pp. 769–790. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639118 JSTOR].*Kennedy, W. P. M. “The Imperial Embassy of 1553/4 and Wyatt's Rebellion” in ''The English Historical Review'', vol. 38, no. 150, 1923, pp. 251–258. Online at [https://www.jstor.org/stable/551739 JSTOR].
== Acknowledgements ==Click the Changes tab to see edits to this profile. Thank you to everyone who contributed to this profile.
=== Magna Carta Project ===:This profile was re-reviewed/updated to meet current standards and approved for the Project by [[Thiessen-117|Traci Thiessen]] 22 November 2019.
:} appears in trails badged by the [[Project:Magna Carta|Magna Carta Project]] from [[:Category:Surety Barons|Magna Carta Surety Baron]] [[Malet-18|William Malet]] to the following [[:Category:Gateway Ancestors|Gateway Ancestors]]:*[[Fleete-1|Henry Fleete]]: developed in 2015 and badged in April 2020. See the trail [[Fleete-1#Magna Carta Trails|HERE]].*[[Scott-723|Dorothea Scott]]: badged in 2020. See the trail [[Scott-723#Magna Carta Trails|HERE]].*Wyatt Gateways ([[Wyatt-188|Hawte]] and [[Wyatt-366|Francis]]) (MCA IV:375-376 WYATT): badged in 2015, re-reviewed Apr 2020. See the trail [[Wyatt-188#Magna Carta Trails|HERE]].
:See [[Space:Magna_Carta_Team_Base_Camp|Base Camp]] for more information about Magna Carta trails. See the project's [[Space:Magna Carta Project Glossary|glossary]] for project-specific terms, such as a "badged trail".
Events
| Birth | Abt 1522 | Kent, England | |||
| Marriage | 1537 | England - Lady Jane "Joan" Haute | |||
| Death | 11 Apr 1554 | Tower Hill, Middlesex, England | |||
| Reference No | 986617 | ||||
| Reference No | 1007791 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 | ||||
| Will | leave a link to the publisher/site. |
Families
| Spouse | Lady Jane "Joan" Haute (1522 - 1600) |
| Child | Anne Wyatt (1542 - 1592) |
| Child | Thomas Wyatt (1538 - 1582) |
| Child | Richard Wyatt (1539 - ) |
| Child | Henry Wyatt (1540 - 1555) |
| Child | Charles Wyatt (1541 - ) |
| Child | Arthur Wyatt (1544 - 1625) |
| Child | Jane Wyatt (1545 - 1617) |
| Child | George Wyatt (1550 - 1624) |
| Child | Ursula Wyatt (1554 - ) |
| Child | Joyce "Jocasa" Wyatt (1554 - ) |
| Father | Sir Thomas "The Elder, The Poet" Wyatt (1503 - 1542) |
| Mother | Elizabeth Brooke (1503 - 1560) |