Individual Details
Maria "Queen Consort of Scotland" Egmond-Gelre
(17 Jan 1434 - 1 Dec 1463)
[[Category:Scotland, Medieval Needs Review]]
[[Category:Dutch Roots Project Needs More Records]]
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== Biography ==
'''Maria van Egmond''' 1434-1463, Queen of Scotland''Maria was born in the Castle at Grave on 17 January 1434, second child of Arnoud (Arnold) van Egmond, Hertog van Gelre and Katherina van Kleef. She married on 3 July 1449 King Jacobus II of Scotland (1430-1460). Five children born from this marriage. She died in Edinburgh on 1 December 1463.Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=236 vol. 1, p. 192 (1463)].Source: [http://www.biografischwoordenboekgelderland.nl/bio/1_Maria_van_Egmond Biografisch woordenboek van Gelderland, Biography Maria van Egmond]Source: [http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/62267912 Biografisch Portaal van Nederland]
'''Mary of Guelders''' (c. 1434 – 1 December 1463) was the queen consort of Scotland as the wife of King James II of Scotland. She served as regent of Scotland from 1460 to 1463.
She was the daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders, and Catherine of Cleves, a great-aunt of Anne of Cleves. She was a great-niece of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
'''Marriage and children'''
She landed in Scotland in June 1449 and both nobles and the common people came to see her as she made her way to Holyrood Abbey. Mary married James II, king of Scots, at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh on 3 July 1449. A sumptuous banquet was given, while the Scottish king gave her several presents. It had been agreed that any sons they might have would have no right to the duchy of Guelders.
James and Mary had seven children together:
*An unnamed son. {Both born and died on 19 May 1450).
*James III of Scotland (1451–1488).
*Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 1485).*David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. 1456 - 1457. He was created Earl of Moray on 12 February 1456.
*John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1459 - 1479).*Princess Mary of Scotland (May 1453-May 1488). Married first Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran and secondly James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. She became the mother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran.*Princess Margaret of Scotland. Married William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton of Auchingoul. She became the mother of Margaret Crichton and mother-in-law of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes.
'''Regency'''
After her husband's death, Mary acted as regent for their son James III of Scotland until her own death three years later. Mary was drawn into the War of the Roses taking place in England at this time. She appointed Bishop Kennedy as her chief advisor; their companionship was described as well-functioning despite the fact that the bishop favoured an alliance with the Lancastrians, while Mary at first wanted to continue playing off the warring parties in England against each other.[4]
Mary went ahead with James II's plan to build a castle on land at Ravenscraig, designed to withstand the use of artillery, and lived in it while it was under construction until her death.[6]
'''Trinity College Church'''
A devout Roman Catholic, Mary founded Trinity College Church ca. 1460 in memory of her husband. The church, located in the area now known as Edinburgh's Old Town, was demolished in 1848 to make way for Waverley station, although it was partially reconstructed on a different site in 1870 under the name Trinity Apse. Mary was buried in the church, although her coffin was moved to Holyrood Abbey in 1848.
== Sources ==
:See Also:*Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''Dictonary of National Biography Online,'' vol. 36, [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Mary_(d.1463) Mary (d. 1463)].
* '''Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. I. p. 662'''
*Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders Mary of Guelders : accessed 14 jun 2013]
[[Category:Dutch Roots Project Needs More Records]]
}
== Biography ==
'''Maria van Egmond''' 1434-1463, Queen of Scotland''Maria was born in the Castle at Grave on 17 January 1434, second child of Arnoud (Arnold) van Egmond, Hertog van Gelre and Katherina van Kleef. She married on 3 July 1449 King Jacobus II of Scotland (1430-1460). Five children born from this marriage. She died in Edinburgh on 1 December 1463.Balfour, Sir James. ''The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII.'' Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044094435674&view=1up&seq=236 vol. 1, p. 192 (1463)].Source: [http://www.biografischwoordenboekgelderland.nl/bio/1_Maria_van_Egmond Biografisch woordenboek van Gelderland, Biography Maria van Egmond]Source: [http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/62267912 Biografisch Portaal van Nederland]
'''Mary of Guelders''' (c. 1434 – 1 December 1463) was the queen consort of Scotland as the wife of King James II of Scotland. She served as regent of Scotland from 1460 to 1463.
She was the daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders, and Catherine of Cleves, a great-aunt of Anne of Cleves. She was a great-niece of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
'''Marriage and children'''
She landed in Scotland in June 1449 and both nobles and the common people came to see her as she made her way to Holyrood Abbey. Mary married James II, king of Scots, at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh on 3 July 1449. A sumptuous banquet was given, while the Scottish king gave her several presents. It had been agreed that any sons they might have would have no right to the duchy of Guelders.
James and Mary had seven children together:
*An unnamed son. {Both born and died on 19 May 1450).
*James III of Scotland (1451–1488).
*Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 1485).*David Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. 1456 - 1457. He was created Earl of Moray on 12 February 1456.
*John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1459 - 1479).*Princess Mary of Scotland (May 1453-May 1488). Married first Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran and secondly James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. She became the mother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran.*Princess Margaret of Scotland. Married William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton of Auchingoul. She became the mother of Margaret Crichton and mother-in-law of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes.
'''Regency'''
After her husband's death, Mary acted as regent for their son James III of Scotland until her own death three years later. Mary was drawn into the War of the Roses taking place in England at this time. She appointed Bishop Kennedy as her chief advisor; their companionship was described as well-functioning despite the fact that the bishop favoured an alliance with the Lancastrians, while Mary at first wanted to continue playing off the warring parties in England against each other.[4]
Mary went ahead with James II's plan to build a castle on land at Ravenscraig, designed to withstand the use of artillery, and lived in it while it was under construction until her death.[6]
'''Trinity College Church'''
A devout Roman Catholic, Mary founded Trinity College Church ca. 1460 in memory of her husband. The church, located in the area now known as Edinburgh's Old Town, was demolished in 1848 to make way for Waverley station, although it was partially reconstructed on a different site in 1870 under the name Trinity Apse. Mary was buried in the church, although her coffin was moved to Holyrood Abbey in 1848.
== Sources ==
:See Also:*Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. ''Dictonary of National Biography Online,'' vol. 36, [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Mary_(d.1463) Mary (d. 1463)].
* '''Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. I. p. 662'''
*Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders Mary of Guelders : accessed 14 jun 2013]
Events
| Birth | 17 Jan 1434 | Grave, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands | |||
| Marriage | 3 Jul 1449 | monastery of Holyrood, Edinburgh, Scotland - James Stewart | |||
| Death | 1 Dec 1463 | Holy Trinity Church, Edinburgh, Scotland | |||
| Alt name | van Egmond van Gelre, of Guelders | ||||
| Reference No | 14330807 | ||||
| Reference No | 15354238 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Spouse | James Stewart (1430 - 1460) |
| Child | James "King of Scotland" Stewart (1451 - 1488) |
| Child | Unnamed Infant Stewart (1450 - 1450) |
| Child | Lady Mary Stewart (1452 - 1488) |
| Child | Alexander "1st Duke of Albany, 2nd Making" Stewart (1454 - 1485) |
| Child | David Stewart (1456 - 1457) |
| Child | John Stewart (1457 - 1479) |
| Child | Princess Margaret Stewart (1460 - 1503) |
| Father | Arnoud "Arnold, Hertog van Gelre en van Gulik , Heer van Zutphen" Egmond (1410 - 1473) |
| Mother | Katharina Kleve (1417 - 1479) |
| Sibling | Willem Egmond-Gelre (1434 - ) |
| Sibling | Margaretha Egmond (1436 - 1486) |
| Sibling | Adolf van Egmont (1438 - 1477) |
| Sibling | Catharina Egmond-Gelre (1440 - 1497) |