Individual Details

Oren Mower

(22 Mar 1843 - 22 Oct 1892)

Events

Bio Note188a brief biographical sketch was included in the History of Washington County
Birth22 Mar 1843Bangor, Penobscot, Maine
Census1 Jun 1850Bangor, Penobscot, Maine
Census1 Jun 1860Bangor, Penobscot, Maine
Census1 Jun 1870Baytown Township, Washington, Minnesota
Marriage11 Apr 1872Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota - Evangeline Rutherford
Occupation1875in the ice business - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Census1 May 1875Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio NoteNov 1875the police court had heard a case regarding assault and battery of Orrin Mower - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note1877 - 1878Oren Mower filled his ice houses with ice ranging from nine to twelve inches - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note8 Jun 1877an advertisement in the Stillwater Messenger announced that Oren Mower had ice from "the pure spring water in Lily Lake" for sale. - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note26 Apr 1878Oren announced in the Stillwater Messenger that he had started delivering ice for the season, indicating that his customers preferred his ice that he harvested from the pure spring water of Lily Lake - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note5 Nov 1879Oren Mower appeared before the city council where he asked for and was granted permission to erect a soap factory near Lily Lake - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note18 Nov 1879Oren Mower changed his plan for erecting a soap factory at Lily Lake, opting for a location at Fairy Falls Creek - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note13 Dec 1879Oren briefly diversified his business, operating a soap manufacturing business on Fairy Falls Creek. - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note12 Jan 1880began his annual harvesting of ice - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio NoteFeb 1880Oren served as a Mucilage Court juror - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio NoteMar 1880Oren sold his interest in the soap manufacturing business to his partner, Hugh McKenzie - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note1 May 1880Oren announced the commencement of ice delivery for the season - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Census1 Jun 1880Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note6 Dec 1880Oren Mower begain his annual ice harvest - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note18 Dec 1880the Stillwater Messenger reported that Oren Mower had filled his ice house, completing his annual ice harvest in seven days - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note31 Mar 1881Republican caucuses were held and Oren Mower was elected as a delegate for the second ward to the city convention, along with Adam marty, P. H. Millard, Theodore Jassoy, J. H. Townshend, J. C. Hening, Frank Railer, and M. E. Pixle. - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Election1 Jun 1881Vice Grand of the local I.O.O.F. Lodge - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
IllnessFeb 1882 - Sep 1882an attack of apoplexy and suffering from paralysis - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note4 Aug 1882The Saint Paul Globe reported that "Orin Mower is reported as convalescing slowly." - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note28 Sep 1882Oren Mower was selected as one of 24 Petit Jurors for the November tern of the district court
Bio Note13 Jan 1883Oren Mower was busy with his annual ice harvest - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note10 Mar 1883the Stillwater Messenger reported that "Oren Mower is improving rapidly at the Hot Springs." - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note11 May 1883Oren Mower returned from Hot Springs and was at home - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note12 May 1883the Stillwater Messenger reported "Oren Mower returned last week from the Hot Springs, where he made gratifying progress in regaining his health." - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note18 Mar 1884the County Board approved the bid of Oren Mower to furnish ice to the court house and sheriff for the summer at a price of $13.00 - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note5 Apr 1884the Stillwater Messenger published the annual statement of financial affairs of Washington County for the year ended 29 March 1884 that included a payment of $8.00 to Oren Mower for wood for pauper - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note4 May 1884Oren Mower returned from the Hot Springs after a 3-4 week stay to his home - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note6 Jan 1885the Board of [Washington] County Commissioners, approved a $13.00 bill from Oren Mower for ice for the court house - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio NoteMay 1885John Doyle, an employee of Oren Mower, went missing - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note5 Jan 1886the City Council approved a $7.50 bill from Oren Mower for ice at city hall during 1885 - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note5 Jan 1886the Board of [Washington] County Commissioners allowed $15.00 to Oren Mower for ice for the court house - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note9 Mar 1886Oren Mower left Stillwater for Hot Springs "in search of health."
Bio Note16 Mar 1886the Board of [Washington] County Commissioners allowed a $12.50 bill from Oren Mower for wood delivered to paupers - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note25 Apr 1886it was reported in The Saint Paul Globe that Oren Mower had returned from Hot Springs and was at home - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note19 May 1886the horses attached to Oren Mower's ice wagon ran off on Olive Street, "damaging the wagon somewhat" - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note28 Aug 1886it was reported that Oren Mower had already sold about 2,000 tons of ice and expected to sell another 1,000 tons - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note5 Feb 1887the "Annual Statement of the Receipts and Disbursements of Washington County, Minn., For the Year 1886" was published in the Stillwater Messenger - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note21 Jan 1888the "Financial Statement of Washington County, Minnesota, For the Year 1887" was published in the Stillwater Messenger. Oren Mower was listed as having received $15.00 in reimbursement for fuel to the poor - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note28 Feb 1888Oren Mower left Stillwater for Hot Springs, intending to stay four or five weeks.
Bio Note2 Jan 1889the "Financial Statement of Washington Co., Minn., for the Year Ended December 31, 1888" was published in the Stillwater Messenger - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note12 Jan 1889the Proceedings of the Board of County Commissioners of Washington County, Minnesota" was published in the Stillwater Messenger, and included a $14.00 expenditure to Oren Mower for 4 days hauling dressing for the Court House, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note14 Jan 1889Oren Mower began his annual ice harvest - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note23 Aug 1890a fire destroyed Oren Mower's ice houses - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note19 Jan 1891Oren Mower began his annual ice harvest - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note29 Jan 1891Oren Mower finished harvesting ice for the season - Lily Lake, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note16 May 1892an employee of Oren Mower ran into a little difficulty while seeing how much ice was needed aboard the steamer "Ravenna" - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Death22 Oct 1892paralysis and/or heart disease - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Funeral23 Oct 1892carried out under the auspices of the I.O.O.F. - the Mower residence at 724 Oak Street, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Probate29 Oct 1892Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Probate21 Nov 1892Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Probate26 Nov 1892Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note24 Dec 1892the Stillwater Messenger reported that James Mackey and his son, Andrew, had leased the ice houses belonging to the Oren Mower estate - Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Probate10 Mar 1894Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
Bio Note13 May 1899Board of County Commissioners awarded the contract for furnishing ice for the court house for 1890 to Oren Mower for the sum of $14 - the Auditor's Office, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota
BurialFairview Cemetery, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota

Families

SpouseEvangeline Rutherford (1852 - 1932)
ChildGratia Ann "Gracie" Mower (1873 - 1908)
ChildFrank Leslie Mower (1877 - 1930)
ChildOren "Orrie" Mower Jr. (1882 - 1882)
ChildGeorge Martin Mower (1889 - 1891)
FatherOren Mower (1817 - 1842)
MotherLydia B. Vickery (1816 - 1867)

Notes

Bio Note

O. Mower was born at Glenburn, near Bangor, Maine, March 22d, 1843. He remained at his native place until 1868, then came to Stillwater, and for three years followed the St. Croix river and worked in the lumber mills, at the end of which time he purchased the two lots where his dwelling now stands. Until 1874 his time was mostly employed in teaming and freighting, when he began dealing in ice, and in connection has three freight teams. Miss Eva Rutherford, of Stillwater, became his wife in 1872. Gracie A. and Frank L. are their children.

Census

"Orin Moore" was enumerated in the household of James Conner as a 7 year old male, his birthplace listed as Maine, and an indication that he had attended school within the year.

Census

"Oren M. Conner" was enumerated in the household of James Conner, a 17 year old male employed as a farm laborer, his birthplace listed as Maine, and an indication that he had attended school within the year.

Census

"Oran" Mower was enumerated in a household of 18 men aged 20-35 all with the occupation of "work on logs." He was a 27 year old white male, his birthplace listed as Maine and an indication that he was a male citizen of U.S. of 21 years of age and upwards.

Marriage

They were married by Rev. Edward B. Wright, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. Witnesses to the ceremony were Jonathan Wheeler and Rebecca R. Wheeler.

Occupation

The Minneapolis Star Tribune reported on 21 May 1875 that "opposition in the ice trade has developed in the person of Orrin Mower."

Census

Oren Mower was enumerated in the state census as a 30 year old white male, with his birthplace listed as Maine (no entry for his parent's birthplaces). Other members of his household were Evangeline Mower and Gracia Mower. Two copies of this census are online, each with different handwriting. One shows his name as O. Brian and the other shows it as Orian.

Bio Note

It was reported in the Minneapolis Star Tribune on 25 November 1875 that "the case which occupied the attention of the court was the city of Stillwater against John McCarthy, for feloniously and violently committing an assault and battery on the person of Orrin Mower, who was at the time of the assault, engaged in driving a team, whose ownership was a disputed question. The subject had been spoken of in THE TRIBUNE a few days ago, with the concluding remark on the matter would probably be litigated. Mr. McCarthy plead guilty to the charge preferred, and was fine $36 and costs, making in all $38.25. The fine has not yet been paid, but the chief of police is assured that satisfactory arrangements will be made for litigation."

Bio Note

According to an article in the 5 January 1889 Stillwater Messenger, "none of the ice that season was more than a foot thick, and this being the maximum thickness during the entire winter. Though it took more cakes to make a ton than when the ice attains a thickness of thirty inches and upward he says the cost per ton for storing was less than any winter before or since."

Bio Note

The ad read: "LILY LAKE ICE. Oren Mower takes pleasure in announcing to the public that he has a full and sufficient quantity of ice from the pure spring water in Lily Lake, which is free from all impurities, and which will be delivered to customers during the season of 1877 on the following terms: $2 per month to private families, delivered daily, Sundays excepted, in quantities not exceeding 25 lbs. per day and 50 lbs. on Saturday. Larger quantities at the rate of 25 cents per 100 lbs. Applications may be made in person or at Bell & Larravie's bakery. All orders promptly attended to."

Bio Note

"Oren Mower has commenced delivering Lily Lake ice to all his old customers and many new ones who are beginning to appreciate the difference between ice from pure spring water and that the impure and filthy waters of Lake St. Croix."

Bio Note

An article in the Stillwater Messenger read: "Oren Mower has made arrangements for embarking in the soap manufacturing business. for the present he will devote his attention almost exclusively to soft soap. If industry and energy will achieve success Oren is bound to win." An announcement published on 13 December 1879 read: "Oren Mower will commence the manufacture of soft soap to-day at his establishment on Fairy Falls creek. Our citizens who wish to exchange their hard wood ashes for a first-class article of soap should commence hoarding them."

Bio Note

"The mucilage court was occupied four days this week in the trial of the case of D. M. Swain against Louis Vollmer and Chase. Brosse. The action was brought to recover fifty dollars, claimed to be due for repairing a threshing machine engine. F. C. Cutler, J. M. Joy, John Karst, J. C. Hening, Chas. Rhoads and Oren Mower were sworn as jurors to try the case. Their compensation was munificent, being fifty cents each for the entire four days."

Bio Note

According the Stillwater Messenger, "Oren Mower has disposed of his interest in the Fairy Falls soap factory to his partner, Hugh McKenzie, who will continue and enlarge the business."

Bio Note

"The pure spring water Ice taken from Lily Lake will be delivered in all parts of the city on reasonable terms, by the season, month, or hundred pounds. Will be delivered daily, or once, twice or three times a weeks, as desired."

Census

"Orin" Mower was enumerated as head of household, a 37 year old white male, married, his occupation listed as ice man, and his birthplace, as well as both of his parents, listed as Maine. Other members of his household were Evangeline Mower (wife), Gracie Mower (daughter), Frank Mower (son), Charles Connor (boarder), John Doyle (boarder), and Fred Connor (boarder).

Bio Note

According to the Stillwater Messenger, "E. Rhiner and Oren Mower, the ice men, will commence getting out their ice crop next week, the former on the St. Croix and the latter on Lily Lake."

Bio Note

"Oren Mower has completed the work of filling his ice house on Lily Lake, which now holds upward of one thousand tons of crystal ice which he will furnish to his customers next season. The work was done in seven days by the aid of sixteen to eighteen men. Should there be indications of a scarcity of ice in the Southern markets Mr. mower will be in condition to get out any quantity desired for shipment."

Illness

The Stillwater Messenger reporting first on 25 February 1882 that "grave fears have been entertained for some days past regarding the condition of Oren Mower, who is lying at the point of death from an attack of apoplexy." On 29 July 1882, it was reported that "Oren Mower, prostated by paralysis, is still in critical condition, there being but slight hope of recover." On 5 August 1882, the newspaper published an update, reporting that "the condition of Oren Mower is considerably more hopeful. He has partially regained the use of his right arm and leg, and seems to be making some progress toward recovery." On 19 August 1882, "Oren Mower is making slow but steady progress toward recovery." Finally, on 16 September 1882, the Messenger reported that "Oren Mower was enjoying a ride about the city Thursday, having partially recovered from his recent attack of paralysis."

Bio Note

"E. Rhiener, Oren Mower and Joseph Wolf are busily putting up ice, the latter for use in his brewery and the others for consumption by the public. The ice is about twenty inches in thickness."

Bio Note

According to The Saint Paul Globe: "John Doyle, who has been with Oren Mower for some time, started for St. Paul a few days ago to purchase a dray, as he was to start for himself in that business. Since he left no word has been heard from him, and a party went to St. Paul to try and find out what had become of him, but could get no information. His wife is exceedingly anxious. He was sober and industrious, and she can think of nothing that would account for his not being back unless foul play, as he had considerable money upon him."

Bio Note

According to the financial statements, $15.00 was paid to Orin [sic] Mower for ice for the court house. Oren Mower also appears under "Merchandise and Fuel to Paupers Covering Both Permnanent and Temporary Relief" as receiving $12.50 for fuel.

Bio Note

The financial statement included an expenditure of $23.99 to Oren Mower for fuel to the poor.

Bio Note

According to an article in the Stillwater Messenger, "The harvesting of the ice crop from lake St. Croix was begun Monday by B. Weiss, who expects to fill the old Rhiner houses with as fine a lot of ice as was ever taken from the St. Croix. The cakes now being stored are 16 inches in thickness and of superior clearness and solidity on account of the absence of 'snow water' in their composition. Oren Mower and Andrew Friday are filling their houses at Lily lake with equally good material, though of a little less thickness. The winter of 11 years ago, which was similar to this season in respect to temperature, was such that the Mississippi failed to freeze sufficiently to make an ice crop, and down river dealers put up practically non. Esaias Rhiner took advantage of the situation, and besides filling his ice house here, stored at South Stillwater a very large amount, which he afterward sold to Schulenburg & Co., who disposed of it at St. Louis. This transaction gave Mr. Rhiner a financial boost that laid stronger foundations for the comfortable competence he afterward acquired."

Bio Note

According to the Saint Paul Globe, "At an early hour yesterday morning the ice houses of Oren Mower at Lily lake were destroyed by fire, which originated in an unknown cause. The loss is about $2,000 and there is no insurance."

Bio Note

According to a report in The Saint Paul Globe, Oren Mower expected to harvest about 2,500 tons of ice this season.

Bio Note

According to the Stillwater Messenger, "as the steamer Ravenna came up to the levee Monday, a driver employed by Oren Mower, the ice man, stepped aboard to see how much ice was needed, and when he returned to the bow of the boat he found himself a half-mile from where the steamer had been moored. His team was left standing on the levee, and a number of men were satisfied that the driver had been drowned, and proposed searching for him in the lake. The driver, however, soon found the captain of the boat to whom he unfurled his tale of woe, and was brought back to the levee."

Death

As reported in the Saint Paul Globe, "Oren Mower, a prominent resident of [Stillwater] died yesterday at 10 o'clock a.m., of heart disease. Deceased was born in Glenburne, Me., March 22, 1843, and has been a resident of Washington county for many years. The fundera occurs at 4 o'clock p.m. today from the family residence, 724 Oak street, under the auspices of the local lodge of Odd Fellows, of which he was a respected member."

Probate

The Stillwater Messenger published a probate notice in the matter of the estate of Oren Mower. "On reading and filing the petition of Evangeline Mower of said county, representing among other things, that Oren Mower, late of said county, on the 22d day of October, A. D. 1892, at Stillwater in said county and at the time of his death, leaving goods, chattels and estate within this county, and that the said petitioner is the surviving wife of said deceased, and praying that administration of said estate be to Edward Westley Rutherford granted."

Probate

Ed W. Rutherford, brother-in-law of Oren Mower, was appointed administrator of his estate in probate court.

Probate

The Stillwater Messenger published an Order for Hearing on Claims relating to the estate of Oren Mower. In Probate Court on 21 November 1892, letters of administration were granted unto Edward Westley Rutherford. It was ordered, that all claims and demands of all persons against the estate be presented to the court for examination and hearing on the first Monday for six months next ensuing, commencing with the first Monday in December 1892. It was further ordered that seven months from the date hereof be allowed to creditors to present their claims against said estate, at the expiration of which time all claims not presented to the court or not proven in satisfaction shall be forever barred, unless for cause shown further time is allowed.

Probate

The Stillwater Messenger published an Order to Examine Accounts. The Probate Court on 7 March 1894, "on reading and filing the petition of E. W. Rutherford, administrator of the estate of Oren Mower, deceased, representing among other things that he has fully administered said estate and praying that a time and place be fixed for examining and allowing his accounts of his administration, and for the assignment of the residue of said estate to the persons thereto entitled by law." It was ordered that the account would be examined by the judge of the Probate Court on Monday, 2 April 1894.

Endnotes

1. Rev. Edward D. Neill; J. Fletcher Williams, History of Washington County and the St. Croix Valley Including Explorers and Pioneers of Minnesota: And Outlines of the History of Minnesota (Minneapolis, Minnesota: North Star Publishing Company, 1881), 589; digital image, Google, Google Books (books.google.com : accessed 14 December 2019.

2. Walter L. Mower, Mower Family History: A Genealogical Record of the Maine Branch of This Family together with Other Branches of the Family Tree (Portland, Maine: The Southworth Press, 1923), 72-3.

3. "Stillwater News / Death of Oren Mower," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 23 October 1892, p. 10, col. 5; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 28 June 2017).

4. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 29 October 1892, p. 4, col. 6; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 3 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

5. 1850 U.S. Census, Penobscot County, Maine, population schedule, , 102A, dwelling 405, family 1464, James Conner household, line 14, Orin Moore; digital images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 12 November 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication M432, 1009 rolls.

6. 1860 U.S. Census, Penobscot County, Maine, population schedule, City of Bangor, 4th Ward, p. 166, dwelling 1188, family 1265, James Conner household, line 18, Oren M. Conner; digital images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 12 November 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication M653, 1,438 rolls.

7. 1870 U.S. Census, Washington County, Minnesota, population schedule, Baytown Township, 6, dwelling 28, family 38, line 10, Oran Mower; digital images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 22 April 2019); NARA microfilm publication M593, 1,761 rolls. .

8. Walter L. Mower, Mower Family History: A Genealogical Record of the Maine Branch of This Family together with Other Branches of the Family Tree (Portland, Maine: The Southworth Press, 1923), 73.

9. "Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949," Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org : accessed 2 May 2019), digital image, "Marriage License and Certificate, Mower/Rutherford," image 1073 of 1806; LDS microfilm 007413111.

10. Walter L. Mower, Mower Family History: A Genealogical Record of the Maine Branch of This Family together with Other Branches of the Family Tree (Portland, Maine: The Southworth Press, 1923), 73.

11. "Local Laconics," (Minneapolis) Star Tribune, 21 May 1875, p. 3, col. 3; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

12. "Minnesota, Territorial and State Censuses, 1849-1905," Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com (www.ancestery.com : accessed 22 April 2019), digital image, "1875 State Census," p. 213 (image 168 of 436), family 635, line 33, O Brian Mower; Minnesota Historical Society.

13. "Minnesota, Territorial and State Censuses, 1849-1905," Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com (www.ancestery.com : accessed 22 April 2019), digital image, "1875 State Census," p. 361 (image 378 of 436), family 635, line 33, Orian Mower; Minnesota Historical Society.

14. "Every Day Topics," (Minneapolis) Star Tribune, 25 November 1875, p. 3, col. 1; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

15. "unnamed," The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 5 January 1889, p. 4, col. 6; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 21 April 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

16. "Lily Lake Ice," advertisement, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 8 June 1877, p. 3, col. 4; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

17. "Local News," The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 26 April 1878, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

18. "Neighborhood News / Stillwater," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 7 November 1879, p. 2, col. 6; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 28 June 2017).

19. "Neighborhood News: Stillwater," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 18 November 1879, p. 2, col. 4; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

20. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 8 November 1879, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

21. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 13 December 1879, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

22. "Neighborhood News: Stillwater," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 15 December 1879, p. 3, col. 6; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

23. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 10 January 1880, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

24. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 14 February 1880, p. 4, col. 4; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

25. "unnamed," local news , The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 27 March 1880, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

26. "Ice. Ice.," advertisement, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 1 May 1880, p. 4, col. 3; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

27. 1880 U.S. Census, Washington County, Minnesota, population schedule, City of Stillwater, 2nd Ward, enumeration district (ED) 34, 26, Pine Street, dwelling 20, Orin Mower household, line 40, Orin Mower; digital images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 22 April 2019); NARA microfilm publication T9, 1,454 rolls.

28. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 4 December 1880, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

29. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 18 December 1880, p. 4, col. 3; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

30. "Around the State: Stillwater," (Minneapolis) Star Tribune, 1 April 1881, p. 5, col. 5-6; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

31. "Odd Fellows Election," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 4 June 1881, p. 4, col. 5; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

32. "unnamced," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 25 February 1882, p. 4, col. 5; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

33. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 29 July 1882, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

34. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 5 August 1882, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

35. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 19 August 1882, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

36. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 16 September 1882, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 1 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

37. "Stillwater," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 4 August 1882, p. 2, col. 1; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

38. "Stillwater / November Jurors," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 28 September 1882, p. 4, col. 7; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 28 June 2017).

39. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 13 January 1883, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 2 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

40. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 10 March 1883, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 2 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

41. "Stillwater Social Notes," The Saint Paul (Minnesota) Daily Globe, 13 May 1883, p. 3, col. 3; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 21 April 2019).

42. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 12 May 1883, p. 4, col. 1; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 2 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

43. "Stillwater Sketches," (Minneapolis) Star Tribune, 21 March 1884, p. 4, col. 6; digital image, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 28 June 2017).

44. "Proceedings of the County Board," The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 22 March 1884, p. 4, col. 3; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 2 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

45. "[Official] Proceedings of the County Board," The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 29 March 1884, p. 4, col. 3; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 2 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

46. "Annual Statement of the Financial Affairs & Condition of Washington County for the Fiscal Year ended March 29, 1884," The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 5 April 1884, p. 1, col. 8; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 3 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

47. "unnamed," local news, The Stillwater (Minnesota) Messenger, 10 May 1884, p. 4, col. 5; digital image, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub (www.mnhs.org/newspapers/hub : accessed 3 May 2019), Minnesota Digital Newspaper Collection.

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