Individual Details

: Disambiguation: William Marshal the Younger, 5th Earl of Pembroke (or 2nd Earl of Pembroke according to some researchers), was the son of William Marshal who was the undefeated knight, later Regent of England. They not only share the same name and title (except for the number), but William (the Younger) Marshal adopted his father's famous arms, a red lion on a split green and gold background. They were both on the field of Runnymede when King John put his seal to Magna Carta. At first glance, it is easy to confuse them: they are even buried in the same unusual church - the Knight's Templar Temple in London. However, they lived very different lives. William Marshal (the Elder) started out as a landless knight and ended up counselor to kings and Regent of the kingdom. He married an heiress and had five sons and five daughters. He lived to be at least seventy-three years old. William Marshal (the Younger) started life in Pembroke castle, and although he married twice, he had no children, and died at forty-one. ''William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke'' ''William Marshal, Knight-Errant, Baron, and Regent of England''

== Biography ==
: The correct spelling of the family name is Marshal as in Norman French: Williame le Mareschal. Marshal was the title of the person in the king's household who maintained discipline at court; supplied receipts for payments and other disbursements, gifts and liveries from the king. He was over all servants of the court connected with the royal sports; over the king's bodyguard, and in charge of the horses. He was required to witness writs. It was an hereditary office. The Marshal took part in the ceremony of coronation. His sign of office was a baton bestowed by the king. ''Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry'' page 326
: William (II) Marshal was buried on 15 April beside his father in the Temple Church. Undoubtedly a good administrator and soldier (he was a notable builder of castles, responsible for Carlow in Leinster, and for Cilgerran and much of Chepstow on the Welsh march), he did not display the statesmanship of his father. Nevertheless, his successful campaign of 1223 secured for the south-western marches a period of comparative security which lasted until the late 1250s. In Pembrokeshire he granted three charters to Haverfordwest. Leinster, where he continued his father's work, bringing in new settlers, founding boroughs and new castles, and fostering religious houses, enjoyed a period of stability and peace under his rule.

=== Coat of Arms ===
: William Marshal, son of William Marshal Regent of England, carried his father's famous coat of arms: Per pale Or and vert, lion rampant gules. He had likely been a knight for ten years by the time his father died in 1219. It is probable that the traditional label with three points, signifying eldest son and heir of a living father, was imposed over the famous arms when he was on the field of Runnymede in 1215, and was removed when he became the head of the family at the death of his father.

=== Magna Carta and Aftermath ===
: William was one of the twenty-five barons elected to ensure Magna Carta (Surety Barons). ''Medieval Lands'' (It is likely that King John saw the irony of having William Marshal, his senior advisor, at his side at Runnymede, while William's son and several son-in-laws were on the opposite side of the field, demanding John sign Magna Carta.)
: The rebel barons, including William Marshall the younger, were excommunicated by the Pope.
: After the death of King John, William joined the barons who supported making Louis of France the king of England, however he grew disillusioned and abandoned that cause, retreating to Wales. In May 1217 he joined his father in fighting the French army at Lincoln, where the French were defeated.

=== Marriages ===
: William Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke; married first, in 1214 Alice de Bethuen, who died in 1216 and was buried in London at St. Paul's Cathedral. Dau. Baldwin and Hawise (CPv1p354 fn) widow of the 3rd Earl of Essex.
: William signed an engagement contract on 23 April 1224, for Eleanor of England, daughter of King John and his second wife, Isabelle Countess d'Angoulême. She was about nine years old at the time, and it was a contractual marriage - in name only for future dynastic purposes. There were no children from the marriage. ''Royal ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families'' Eleanor was only sixteen when William died. She subsequently married Simon IV de Montfort, 2nd Earl of Leicester, and they had several children.
: William Marshal died 6 April 1231 without heirs, and was buried in the new Temple of the Knights Templar in London, where his father was buried twelve years previously.

=== Nigel Saul's Article on William Marshal (the younger) ===: "The younger William Marshal (c. 1190–1231) was the eldest son of William Marshal (d. 1219), the future Regent, and his wife Isabel, heiress of the line of de Clare, earls of Pembroke.
: "For seven years from 1205 William was detained in King John’s custody, a hostage for his father’s good behavior, only regaining his freedom in 1212, when John needed the latter’s support. In the crisis of 1215 John enjoyed the unswerving support of the elder William but his son threw his lot in with the opposition, perhaps partly as a result of the experience of his youth, perhaps in part as a family insurance policy. He joined the barons in their muster at Stamford in the spring, and in June was named to the Twenty Five. In the civil war that followed John’s rejection of the Charter he fought on the baronial side, and after Prince Louis’ arrival, was named marshal of his army. Although active in the field, he took care to avoid any direct engagement with his father. A failure to secure satisfaction on a matter of personal concern, however, led him to change sides. He was keen to secure restitution of the great castle and lordship of Marlborough in Wiltshire, which had been held seventy years before by his grandfather, John Marshal. When Louis denied him this, he reverted to the royal allegiance. He then fought actively for the new regime, capturing Winchester and Southampton for the royalists and Marlborough for himself, and contributing to the great royalist victory at Lincoln.
: "On his father’s death in 1219 he succeeded him as earl of Pembroke and marshal of England, while on his mother’s death in the following year he succeeded to the lordships of Chepstow in South Wales and Leinster in Ireland. William ranked as one of the richest men of his day. Nonetheless, among his portfolio of properties were some to which other important magnates laid claim, principally those of Fotheringhay (Northants.) and Marlborough itself. Over the next five years the Minority government’s attempts to resume these, and assign them to new owners, were to form a major thread in the political life of the day.
: "A claim to Fotheringhay was entertained by John the Scot, earl of Huntingdon, someone whom the Minority government was keen to satisfy him in the interests of better relations with Scotland. For nearly two years the Marshal steadfastly refused to give way. In 1220, however, his hand was forced when Llewellyn of Wales attacked his lordship of Pembroke, and he was in need of the Minority government’s assistance. When the justiciar, Hubert de Burgh, came to his aid, he quietly relinquished control of Fotheringhay.
: "His eventual surrender of Marlborough was brought about by a different means. In 1214 William had married Alice, daughter of Baldwin de Béthune, count of Aumale; Alice, however, had died in 1216. In 1221 the justiciar and the papal legate together came up with the proposal, designed to secure him to the justiciar’s party, that he take as his second wife the king’s sister, Eleanor. The marriage eventually took place in 1224, and the Marshal, as a small price to pay for a royal bride, surrendered Marlborough.
: "Once these property matters were sorted out, William proved himself an active champion and supporter of royal authority, fighting against the Welsh in 1223 and in Ireland in 1224. In 1230 he joined the king on his expedition to Brittany, to challenge the French, conducting raids in the direction of both Normandy and Anjou. At the beginning of 1231 he returned to England for the wedding of his widowed sister, Isabella, to the king’s brother Richard, earl of Cornwall. However, he died suddenly in London on 6 April. Nine days later he was buried by the side of his father in the Temple Church, London, where one of the celebrated group of early effigies is presumably his.
: "Both of William’s marriages were childless, and his heir was his next brother, Richard, who died without issue in turn, and was succeeded by the next brother Gilbert. In 1241 Gilbert was killed in a tourneying accident at Dunstable and, again being childless, was succeeded by the next brother again, Walter. He too being childless was succeeded by the last in the brood of brothers, Anselm. When Anselm died also without issue in 1245, the line of Marshal earls of Pembroke came to an end, and the vast inheritance was partitioned between the representatives of their five sisters and coheiresses. Among the families which benefited, either then or later, were those of Bigod, Clare, Ferrers, Mortimer, Bohun, Cantilupe, Valence and Hastings."Above text courtesy of Professor Nigel Saul and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]

===Links===
* [[Wikipedia: William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke]]
* [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#WilliamMarshalPembrokedied1219 Medieval Lands]
* [http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p1328.htm#i39880 Our Royal Titled Noble and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins]
* [http://www.castlewales.com/mar_chld.html Catherine Armstrong: Children of William Marshal and Isabel Clare]
* [http://www.castlewales.com/home.html Catherine Armstrong: The Castles of Wales]

=== Sources ===
* ''William Marshal, Knight-Errant, Baron, and Regent of England'', Sidney Painter, Baltimore, Maryland, (John Hopkins Press, 1933).
* ''Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry'', Bradford B. Broughton, (Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Press, Inc., 1986).
* [http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=6601291&pid=1323247675 Ancestry Family Trees]
* Frederick Lewis Weis, ''Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists'', 7th Ed.

* Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

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