Individual Details
Sir William "Earl of Pembroke" Marshal
(Abt 1146 - 14 May 1219)
[[Category:Magna Carta]][[Category: Illustrious Men]] [[Category: Knights Templar]] [[Category: Second Battle of Lincoln]] [[Category: 12th Century]]
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==Biography==The titles of Sir William Marshal, Knt., per Douglas Richardson on page 40 of Volume IV of Royal Ancestry, 2013: hereditary Marshal of England, Sheriff of Gloucestershire 1189-94, 1198-1207, Sheriff of Sussex 1193-1208, Warden of the Forest of Dean and Constable of St. Briavels Castle 1194-1206, Constable of Lillebonne 1202, Protector and Regent of the Kingdom (for King Henry III) 1216-1219, and in the right of his wife, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil in Wales and Lord of Leinster in Ireland.
'''William Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke''' (or re-created as 1st Earl of Pembroke according to some researchers) was knighted in 1164 as Guillaume le Maréchal (FR). He was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman, and called the "greatest knight that ever lived" by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, he served four kings: Henry II, Richard the Lionheart, John Lackland and Henry III. As regent for the last, Marshal became a man of great power in Europe.
As an hereditary marshal of the King, Gilbert was apparently a French speaking Norman (although some Normans married locally) and the old French title "Le Mareschal" (Latin Marescallus or Marescalcus) which has evolved into modern English "Marshal" was a term going back to Frankish times, originally referring to a function of "horse servant", which is what the word meant in the old language of the Franks. But by his lifetime, this job, like many other household positions, had evolved away from its original tasks. According to a treatise of 1136 made for King Stephen, the Master Marshall ("John", Gilbert's son) his duties "involved the keeping of certain royal records" and the management of "four other lesser marshals, both clerks and knights, assistants called sergeants, the knight ushers and common ushers of the royal hall, the usher of the king's chamber, the watchmen of court, the tent-keeper and the keeper of the king's hearth".David Crouch, "William Marshall" 2nd ed. 2002, Appendix 2. By the time he died, all of Europe referred to him as "the Marshal". He also happened to be the Chief Marshal under King John I,Cawley, C. (2006). "William Marshal son of John FitzGilbert." Medieval Lands v.3 Round, J. H. (1911), The King's Serjeants & Officers of State with their Coronation Services. https://archive.org/stream/kingsserjeantsof00rounuoft#page/88/mode/2up and was his counselor at the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. Ironically, he despised Lackland although playing a main role in his crowning. He was also John's chief negotiator at Runnymede.
After King John died, Marshal remained Henry III's regent until he died in 1219.Christopher Brookes. England 871-1272, (pp 207, 215, 218, 220, 224, 243). "The Knight in History" (Frances Gies, Harper Row) Ch. V. (pp. 81-105).
After his death, his eldest son, also named William, commissioned a biography of his father to be written called ''l'Histoire de Guillaumele Marechal''. This book, written so soon after his death, has preserved (and probably enhanced) the legend of William Marshal for posterity. Duby, 1985 While few contemporary records of William Marshal's main years (1176 - 1185) of tourney success remain, "William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron and Regent of England," (pages 37 - 60, 231-234, 284) there is ample documentation of his impact on the history and politics of England, from his stalwart defense of the realm to his support of the Magna Carta.
At age 71, Sir William Marshal led and fought at the front of the [[:Category: Second Battle of Lincoln|Battle of Lincolnshire]], bringing victory in only 6 hoursCrouch, (2002), p.129-133
==Vitals==William MarshalEng. A.K. Vol. 3, p. 2-7; B8G4, p. 162; Ireland 6, p. 47; Wales A. 3 Series, vol. 6, p. 189; William Marshall was a Baron named in the Magna Charta; Ancestral File Number: 91SD-P4; Knights Templar Seal - William Marshall (1146 - 1219); Buck, (n.d.); Duby, 1985; Painter, 1982; Crouch, 2002; Armstrong, 2006; [[Wikipedia: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]]
FR: Guillaume le Maréchal
: Born: about 1146 None of his four biographers specify where William Marshal was born. It was a time of confusion in England, during the civil war between Empress Matilda and King Stephen as they vied for the throne. It is doubtful that William was born at Pembroke, which he obtained through his wife's inheritance later in his life. It is doubtful he was born in France, while his father was fighting Earl Patrick and King Stephen for his castles in England. It is likely he was born in England, but it is not stated in a known record.
: Christened: 12 MAY 1146
: Knights Templar: Invested on death bed, fulfilling a vow taken on Crusade 1185-1187
: Died: 14 MAY 1219 Caversham Manor, Caversham
: Buried: MAY 1219 Round Chapel Of Knight's Temple, London Buried in Knights Templar Church, London, where there is an effigy of him ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families'', vol IV, page 41 [[Wikipedia: List of Knights Templar]], (England: Others)
Note. Although his effigy can be seen today at the Temple Church in central London, there reportedly is no tomb or body with it.
== Timeline ==
1167: Knighted
1170: Appointed tutor in chivalry to Henry the Young King by King Henry IIArmstrong, 2006, p.90, 100
11 May 1199: Invested as Earl of Pembroke by King John Cawley, 2006
11 NOV 1216: Appointed by the King's Council to serve as Regent to 9 year old King Henry III and Regent of the KingdomPainter, 1982, p. 192-200
20 May 1217: Defeated Louis VIII of France at Second Battle of Lincoln.
13 MAY 1219: Knight Templar Caversham, Oxfordshire''William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron and Regent of England'', page 56, 284. Fulfilling vow he made on crusade, he was invested into the order of the Knights Templar on his deathbed.
27 May 1219: 1st Earl of Pembroke by King John. Even though there were earlier Pembroke earls, William was considered the 1st Earl of Pembroke. ([http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#_Toc362862656])
==Marriage==
m. '''Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke'''.
==Children==
* William Marshal, 2nd/5th Earl of Pembroke;
* Maud Marshal, Countess of Norfolk & Surrey;
* Richard Marshal, 3rd/6th Earl of Pembroke;
* Gilbert, Lord Marshall (Knight Templar), 4th/7th Earl of Pembroke;
* Isabel, Countess of Cornwall;
* Earl Anselm Marshall;
* Eva, Baroness Abergavenny;
* Sibyl, Countess of Derby;
* Sir Walter Marshall of Pembroke;
* Joan;
* Margaret;
== Source ==
*Royal Ancestry D. Richardson 2013 Vol. IV p. 40-47
==Primary Sources==
* Magna Charta*The Magna Carta Project: Witness to numerous charters of King John, and his will approved by the king. [http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/people/William_Marshal_earl_of_Pembroke__c_1146-1219_]
==Secondary Sources==
* Cawley, C. (2006). "William Marshal son of John FitzGilbert." Medieval Lands v.3.[[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#WilliamMarshalPembrokedied1219]
* Richardson, ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1463561687/sr=8-1/qid=1397864689/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1397864689&seller=&sr=8-1 Royal Ancestry]'' (2013) Douglas Richardson, ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1463561687/sr=8-1/qid=1397864689/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1397864689&seller=&sr=8-1 Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families]'', 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), volume IV, page 40 - 42
* Armstrong, C. A. (2006). William Marshal Earl of Pembroke. Kennesaw, GA: Seneschal PressArmstrong is an American historian; she includes his years in Ireland and the lives of all the daughters of William Marshal.
* Buck, J.O. (n.d.). Pedigrees of Some of Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants," Vol. II.
* Crouch, D. (1990 rp 2002). William Marshal: Knighthood, War and Chivalry, 1147- 1219. GB: Pearson Education Ltd.Crouch is prof of Medieval History at the University of Hull
* Duby, G. (1985). William Marshal The Flower of Chivalry. Richard Howard, translator. NY: Pantheon Books.Duby is a medieval historian and prof at the College of France.
* Painter, S. (1933 Johns Hopkins Press) (1982 rp 2001). William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron and Regent of England. Canada: Medieval Academy of America.Sidney Painter, Ph.D. (Yale) and prof at John Hopkins University.
Edited for Jan 2014 [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Gedcoms in Changes.
}
==Biography==The titles of Sir William Marshal, Knt., per Douglas Richardson on page 40 of Volume IV of Royal Ancestry, 2013: hereditary Marshal of England, Sheriff of Gloucestershire 1189-94, 1198-1207, Sheriff of Sussex 1193-1208, Warden of the Forest of Dean and Constable of St. Briavels Castle 1194-1206, Constable of Lillebonne 1202, Protector and Regent of the Kingdom (for King Henry III) 1216-1219, and in the right of his wife, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil in Wales and Lord of Leinster in Ireland.
'''William Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke''' (or re-created as 1st Earl of Pembroke according to some researchers) was knighted in 1164 as Guillaume le Maréchal (FR). He was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman, and called the "greatest knight that ever lived" by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, he served four kings: Henry II, Richard the Lionheart, John Lackland and Henry III. As regent for the last, Marshal became a man of great power in Europe.
As an hereditary marshal of the King, Gilbert was apparently a French speaking Norman (although some Normans married locally) and the old French title "Le Mareschal" (Latin Marescallus or Marescalcus) which has evolved into modern English "Marshal" was a term going back to Frankish times, originally referring to a function of "horse servant", which is what the word meant in the old language of the Franks. But by his lifetime, this job, like many other household positions, had evolved away from its original tasks. According to a treatise of 1136 made for King Stephen, the Master Marshall ("John", Gilbert's son) his duties "involved the keeping of certain royal records" and the management of "four other lesser marshals, both clerks and knights, assistants called sergeants, the knight ushers and common ushers of the royal hall, the usher of the king's chamber, the watchmen of court, the tent-keeper and the keeper of the king's hearth".David Crouch, "William Marshall" 2nd ed. 2002, Appendix 2. By the time he died, all of Europe referred to him as "the Marshal". He also happened to be the Chief Marshal under King John I,Cawley, C. (2006). "William Marshal son of John FitzGilbert." Medieval Lands v.3 Round, J. H. (1911), The King's Serjeants & Officers of State with their Coronation Services. https://archive.org/stream/kingsserjeantsof00rounuoft#page/88/mode/2up and was his counselor at the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. Ironically, he despised Lackland although playing a main role in his crowning. He was also John's chief negotiator at Runnymede.
After King John died, Marshal remained Henry III's regent until he died in 1219.Christopher Brookes. England 871-1272, (pp 207, 215, 218, 220, 224, 243). "The Knight in History" (Frances Gies, Harper Row) Ch. V. (pp. 81-105).
After his death, his eldest son, also named William, commissioned a biography of his father to be written called ''l'Histoire de Guillaumele Marechal''. This book, written so soon after his death, has preserved (and probably enhanced) the legend of William Marshal for posterity. Duby, 1985 While few contemporary records of William Marshal's main years (1176 - 1185) of tourney success remain, "William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron and Regent of England," (pages 37 - 60, 231-234, 284) there is ample documentation of his impact on the history and politics of England, from his stalwart defense of the realm to his support of the Magna Carta.
At age 71, Sir William Marshal led and fought at the front of the [[:Category: Second Battle of Lincoln|Battle of Lincolnshire]], bringing victory in only 6 hoursCrouch, (2002), p.129-133
==Vitals==William MarshalEng. A.K. Vol. 3, p. 2-7; B8G4, p. 162; Ireland 6, p. 47; Wales A. 3 Series, vol. 6, p. 189; William Marshall was a Baron named in the Magna Charta; Ancestral File Number: 91SD-P4; Knights Templar Seal - William Marshall (1146 - 1219); Buck, (n.d.); Duby, 1985; Painter, 1982; Crouch, 2002; Armstrong, 2006; [[Wikipedia: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]]
FR: Guillaume le Maréchal
: Born: about 1146 None of his four biographers specify where William Marshal was born. It was a time of confusion in England, during the civil war between Empress Matilda and King Stephen as they vied for the throne. It is doubtful that William was born at Pembroke, which he obtained through his wife's inheritance later in his life. It is doubtful he was born in France, while his father was fighting Earl Patrick and King Stephen for his castles in England. It is likely he was born in England, but it is not stated in a known record.
: Christened: 12 MAY 1146
: Knights Templar: Invested on death bed, fulfilling a vow taken on Crusade 1185-1187
: Died: 14 MAY 1219 Caversham Manor, Caversham
: Buried: MAY 1219 Round Chapel Of Knight's Temple, London Buried in Knights Templar Church, London, where there is an effigy of him ''Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families'', vol IV, page 41 [[Wikipedia: List of Knights Templar]], (England: Others)
Note. Although his effigy can be seen today at the Temple Church in central London, there reportedly is no tomb or body with it.
== Timeline ==
1167: Knighted
1170: Appointed tutor in chivalry to Henry the Young King by King Henry IIArmstrong, 2006, p.90, 100
11 May 1199: Invested as Earl of Pembroke by King John Cawley, 2006
11 NOV 1216: Appointed by the King's Council to serve as Regent to 9 year old King Henry III and Regent of the KingdomPainter, 1982, p. 192-200
20 May 1217: Defeated Louis VIII of France at Second Battle of Lincoln.
13 MAY 1219: Knight Templar Caversham, Oxfordshire''William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron and Regent of England'', page 56, 284. Fulfilling vow he made on crusade, he was invested into the order of the Knights Templar on his deathbed.
27 May 1219: 1st Earl of Pembroke by King John. Even though there were earlier Pembroke earls, William was considered the 1st Earl of Pembroke. ([http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#_Toc362862656])
==Marriage==
m. '''Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke'''.
==Children==
* William Marshal, 2nd/5th Earl of Pembroke;
* Maud Marshal, Countess of Norfolk & Surrey;
* Richard Marshal, 3rd/6th Earl of Pembroke;
* Gilbert, Lord Marshall (Knight Templar), 4th/7th Earl of Pembroke;
* Isabel, Countess of Cornwall;
* Earl Anselm Marshall;
* Eva, Baroness Abergavenny;
* Sibyl, Countess of Derby;
* Sir Walter Marshall of Pembroke;
* Joan;
* Margaret;
== Source ==
*Royal Ancestry D. Richardson 2013 Vol. IV p. 40-47
==Primary Sources==
* Magna Charta*The Magna Carta Project: Witness to numerous charters of King John, and his will approved by the king. [http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/people/William_Marshal_earl_of_Pembroke__c_1146-1219_]
==Secondary Sources==
* Cawley, C. (2006). "William Marshal son of John FitzGilbert." Medieval Lands v.3.[[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#WilliamMarshalPembrokedied1219]
* Richardson, ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1463561687/sr=8-1/qid=1397864689/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1397864689&seller=&sr=8-1 Royal Ancestry]'' (2013) Douglas Richardson, ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1463561687/sr=8-1/qid=1397864689/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1397864689&seller=&sr=8-1 Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families]'', 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), volume IV, page 40 - 42
* Armstrong, C. A. (2006). William Marshal Earl of Pembroke. Kennesaw, GA: Seneschal PressArmstrong is an American historian; she includes his years in Ireland and the lives of all the daughters of William Marshal.
* Buck, J.O. (n.d.). Pedigrees of Some of Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants," Vol. II.
* Crouch, D. (1990 rp 2002). William Marshal: Knighthood, War and Chivalry, 1147- 1219. GB: Pearson Education Ltd.Crouch is prof of Medieval History at the University of Hull
* Duby, G. (1985). William Marshal The Flower of Chivalry. Richard Howard, translator. NY: Pantheon Books.Duby is a medieval historian and prof at the College of France.
* Painter, S. (1933 Johns Hopkins Press) (1982 rp 2001). William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron and Regent of England. Canada: Medieval Academy of America.Sidney Painter, Ph.D. (Yale) and prof at John Hopkins University.
Edited for Jan 2014 [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted by January 2014. Gedcoms in Changes.
Events
| Birth | Abt 1146 | possibly Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England | |||
| Marriage | Aug 1189 | London, England - Isabel "Countess of Pembroke" Clare | |||
| Death | 14 May 1219 | Caversham Manor, his estate in Henley, Oxfordshire on the Thames River near Reading, England | |||
| Reference No | 130528 | ||||
| Reference No | |||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Spouse | Isabel "Countess of Pembroke" Clare (1172 - 1220) |
| Child | Lady Maud "Marshal of England, Countess of Norfolk and Warenne" Marshal (1193 - 1248) |
| Child | Isabel "Countess of Glouster and Hertford, Cornwall and Poitou" Marshal (1200 - 1240) |
| Child | William "Earl of Pembroke" Marshal (1190 - 1231) |
| Child | Richard Marshal (1194 - 1238) |
| Child | Eva "Baroness Abergavenny" Marshal (1194 - 1246) |
| Child | Earl Gilbert Marshal IV (1196 - 1241) |
| Child | Walter Marshal Knt (1200 - 1245) |
| Child | Sibyl Marshal (1201 - 1238) |
| Child | Anselm "Earl of Pembroke, Master Marshal" Marshal (1204 - 1245) |
| Child | Joane Marshal (1210 - 1234) |
| Father | John "The Marshal" Marshal (1105 - 1165) |
| Mother | Sybilla Evreux (1126 - 1176) |
| Sibling | Living |
| Sibling | John Marshal (1144 - 1193) |
| Sibling | Anselm "Ansel" Marshal (1150 - 1245) |
| Sibling | Unknown Marshal (1150 - ) |
| Sibling | Maud Marshal (1155 - 1237) |
| Sibling | Henry Marshal (1156 - 1206) |