Individual Details
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
(Abt 1198 - 1 Mar 1244)
}
== Biography ==
===1198 Birth and Parentage===
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1198 – 1 March 1244) was the Welsh first-born son of Llywelyn the Great ("Llywelyn Fawr"). His mother Tangwystl probably died in childbirth. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn_Fawr Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr. ] Wikipedia. Accessed Feb 15, 2016
He was born before 1205.
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was the illegitimate son of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth Fawr ("the Great") Prince of Wales and his mistress Tangwystl of Rhos. Cawley, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Medieval Lands, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Gruffydddied1244A. Accessed Feb 15, 2016
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (d. 1244 ), prince , natural son of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (q.v.) by Tangwystl , daughter of Llywarch Goch of Rhos . Professor Thomas Jones Pierce, M.A., F.S.A., (1905-1964), Aberystwyth. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Dictionary of Welsh Biography.http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s-GRUF-APL-1244.html. Sources: A History of Wales ;Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ; Littere Wallie , 1940 ; Calendar of Ancient Correspondence concerning Wales , 1935 . Accessed February 27, 2016
He was b. sometime before his father's marriage to Joan (q.v.) in 1206 .
===1211 Handed over to King John as Hostage===
The first reference to him is as one of the hostages handed over to John in 1211 ; he was still a prisoner in Aug. 1213 , but was released as part of the general settlement of 1215 .
As a boy, Gruffydd was one of the hostages taken by King John of England as a pledge for his father's continued good faith. A clause in the Magna Carta (1215) compelled his release.
===Resentment of brother Dafydd===
Irresponsible and headstrong, Gruffydd openly resented the fact that his half-brother ( Dafydd ap Llywelyn , q.v. ), was intended to be Llywelyn 's sole successor, an injustice which, in mediaeval Wales , an acknowledged son, though illegitimate by normal standards, could challenge with reasonable hope of public support. It was not Llywelyn 's intention, however, to exclude him entirely, if he proved co-operative, from some share of power.
===1218 Marriage to Senena===
Gruffydd married Senana who was possibly a daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey.
1218 is an estimated year of marriage based on an estimated age of 20 at marriage.
===1220 Possible alternate marriage===
Gruffydd had a son named Llywelyn. According to several non-contemporary Welsh genealogical tracts, the mother of Llywelyn was Rhanullt, an otherwise unknown daughter of Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles. If correct, these sources could indicate that Gruffydd married a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr in about 1220.
Contemporary sources, however, show that Llywelyn's mother was Senena, an undoubted wife of Gruffydd.
===1228-1234 Imprisonment at Degannwy===
Although he suffered a long term of imprisonment at Degannwy from 1228 to 1234 , after having been deprived of the lordships of Ardudwy and Merioneth , he was eventually made lord of Llŷn and given the extensive appanage of Upper Powys , in Llywelyn 's hands since the death of Gwenwynwyn (q.v.) .
===1240: Father's Death and Support for Brother===
On the death of Gruffudd's father llywelyn in 1240, under Welsh law, Gruffudd would have been entitled to consideration as his father's successor. Llywelyn however had excluded him from the succession and had declared Dafydd, his son by his wife Joan, to be heir to the kingdom. Llywelyn went to great lengths to strengthen Dafydd's position, probably aware that there would be considerable Welsh support for Gruffydd against the half-English Dafydd.
===1240 Prisoner of Dafydd===
Llywelyn's father, [[Llywelyn-30|Gruffydd]], and his brother, Owain, were initially kept prisoner by Dafydd, then transferred into the custody of King Henry III of England. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last Llywelyn the Last]
The Annals of Dunstable record that “David” imprisoned “fratrem suum majorem, ex alia matre oriundum” after the death of their father in 1240[312]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.
===1240 Prisoner of Brother Dafydd at Criccieth===
It was Dafydd himself, during his father's last enfeebled years, who struck a final blow for the principles of legitimacy and primogeniture, stripping Gruffydd of all his territories and imprisoning him and Owain ap Gruffydd (q.v.) , his eldest son, at Criccieth . This last event occurred in the period just before Llywelyn d. ( April 1240 ) or immediately afterwards.
===1241 Senena's agreement with Henry III===
On 12 Aug. 1241 , Senena , Gruffydd 's wife, entered into an agreement with Henry III , arranging for her husband's release and restoration. When, a fortnight later, Dafydd was obliged to submit to the king at Gwern Eigron , the first part only of the agreement was fulfilled, for Gruffydd was now made a prisoner in the Tower of London where for over three years he spent an easy confinement in the company of his wife and some of their children, a pawn in the game of Anglo-Welsh politics. His attempt to escape on 1 March 1244 had a fatal ending.
Gruffydd was held a prisoner by his brother Dafydd when the latter took over Gwynedd.
Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[316].
Gruffydd's wife, Senana (possibly a daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey), agreed to pay Henry 600 marks for the release of her husband and their eldest son, Owain, and to hand over her two youngest sons, Dafydd and Rhodri, to the king as hostages to ensure that she kept her part of the bargain.
Henry did not keep his part however, and kept Gruffydd and his son imprisoned as "guests" because this continued to give him the possibility of using Gruffydd as a weapon against his brother.
===1241 Prisoner of Henry III===
Following a successful invasion of the Welsh borders by King Henry III of England in 1241, Dafydd was obliged to hand over Gruffydd into the king's custody, he was then taken to London and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
===1244 Death===
Gruffudd died at the Tower of London 1 Mar 1244.
The Annales Cambriæ record that "Grifinus filius Lewelini" was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1244 and died while attempting to escape[313].
Matthew of Paris records that he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London, dying in an escape attempt[314].
The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Gruffudd son of Llywelyn attempted to escape from the king´s prison in London by throwing a rope through the window of the tower, and descending along the rope, but the rope breaking, he fell and broke his neck" in 1244[315].
His body was discovered by the Yeoman of the Guard the next morning at the foot of the White Tower where he had fallen some 90 feet (27 m). The window from which he made his descent is on the south side of the Tower on the top floor. It was bricked up afterwards and can still be seen today.
[[Llywelyn-30|Gruffydd]] died in 1244, from a fall while trying to escape from his cell at the top of the Tower of London. The window from which he attempted to escape the Tower was bricked up and can still be seen to this day.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last Llywelyn the Last]
===1248 Burial at Aberconway===
In 1248 his remains were conveyed to Wales and laid to rest at Aberconway .
In 1248, the abbots of Strata Florida and Aberconwy arranged for the return of his body to Wales, where he was buried at Aberconwy with his father.
==Issue==
Gruffydd & his wife had five children:
He had four sons — Owain Goch (q.v.) , Llywelyn (q.v.) , Dafydd (q.v.) and Rhodri — and one daughter, Gwladus , who m. Rhys ap Rhys Mechyll .
After his death Gruffydd's four sons—Owain, Llywelyn, Dafydd and Rhodri—would come into their own, and after much fraternal discord, Llywelyn ended up ruling most of Wales. He also had three daughters, Gwladus, Catherine and Margred.
#OWAIN Goch (-before 1282). Estimate birth year 1219 if first child and parents' marriage in 1218. Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[317]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "filii fratris sui Grifini, scilicet Owinus et Lewelinus" succeeded on the death of "David filius Lewelini" in 1246[318]. The Chronicle of Peterborough records that "rex Lewelino…Oweyn…frater eius" was released in 1277 after many years in captivity and that "Oweyn et Rothericus frater suus" reached agreement with Llywelyn regarding their inheritance[319]. #[[Gruffydd-100|Llewelyn ap (Gruffydd) Griffith]] or [[Gwynedd-19|Llewelyn (Gwynedd) ap Gruffudd]]. Estimate birth year 1221 if second child and parents' marriage in 1218. LLYWELYN (-killed in battle 10 Dec 1282). The Annales Cambriæ record that "filii fratris sui Grifini, scilicet Owinus et Lewelinus" succeeded on the death of "David filius Lewelini" in 1246[320]. He succeeded his uncle in 1246 as LLYWELYN II Prince of Wales. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the rebellion of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ…cum David germano suo" in [1281][321]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death "in bello prope Lanueyr in Buelth III Id Dec" in 1282 of "Lewelinus princeps Northwalli��"[322]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ" was killed in battle against the Welsh "IV Id Dec" in 1282[323]. m (13 Oct 1278) ELEANOR de Montfort, daughter of SIMON de Montfort Earl of Leicester & his wife Eleanor of England (1252-19 Jun 1282, bur Llanvaes, Anglesey). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "dominus Aymericus de Monteforte…cum sorore sua Alienora, Lewelino principi Walliæ maritanda" were captured when sailing to Wales in [1276][324]. The Annales Cambriæ record the marriage in 1277 of "Leuuelinus princeps Nortwalliæ" and "filiam comitis Symonis de Monte forti"[325]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "apud Wignornam die Translationi S Eadwardi" 13 Oct [1278] of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ" and "Alienoram filiam Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leycestriæ"[326]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "die SS Gervasii et Protasii" 19 Jun [1282] of "Alienor filia domini Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leicestriæ, nupta Lewelino principi Walliæ" giving birth to her daughter, and her burial "apud Landmairs in domo fratrum minorum"[327]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Eleanor died in childbirth and buried in the chapter house of the barefooted friars at Llanvaes in Mona"[328]. Llywelyn & his wife had one child: ##GWENLLIAN (1282-1337). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "die SS Gervasii et Protasii" 19 Jun [1282] of "filiam���Wencianam" to "Alienor filia domini Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leicestriæ, nupta Lewelino principi Walliæ"[329]. Nun at Sempringham. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "daughter to Llywelyn…Gwenllian…after the death of her father was taken as a prisoner to England and before she was of age, she was made a nun against her consent"[330]. [[Gruffydd-100|Llywelyn]] is thought to have been born around 1222 or 1223. He is first heard of holding lands in the Vale of Clwyd around 1244. Following his grandfather's death in 1240, Llywelyn's uncle, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, succeeded him as ruler of Gwynedd. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last Llywelyn the Last]##Catherine. [[Llewelyn-84|Catherine]], daughter of [[Gruffydd-100|Llewelyn ap Griffith]], Prince of Wales (d. 1282)[https://archive.org/stream/yalegenealogyhis00yale#page/n25/mode/1up Yale genealogy and history of Wales] #[[ferch Gruffydd-11|Catherine ferch Gruffydd]]. Estimate birth year of 1223 if third child and parents' marriage in 1218. Not named in Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Catherine was the daughter of Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince of North Wales. J. Bernard Burke, Esq. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853.(3 Volumes). Volume III, Supplement, Corrigenda, and General Index. London, 1853. https://books.google.com/books?id=S2hHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Ednyfed+Gam%22&source=bl&ots=OIX6qYOHc2&sig=fhY_dA3_DXTPPf2yIH4JvtPXa60&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEQQ6AEwCGoVChMImfvtiJ_KxwIVRtgeCh0DOwG7#v=onepage&q=%22Ednyfed%20Gam%22&f=false. Accessed August 27, 2015 Named by Burke -- "Iorwerth Vychan ap Iorwerth Gam, who married Catherine, daughter of Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince of North Wales, had a son Iorwerth Voel ap iorwerth Vychan. J. Bernard Burke, Esq. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853.(3 Volumes). Volume III, Supplement, Corrigenda, and General Index. London, 1853. https://books.google.com/books?id=S2hHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Ednyfed+Gam%22&source=bl&ots=OIX6qYOHc2&sig=fhY_dA3_DXTPPf2yIH4JvtPXa60&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEQQ6AEwCGoVChMImfvtiJ_KxwIVRtgeCh0DOwG7#v=onepage&q=%22Ednyfed%20Gam%22&f=false. Accessed August 27, 2015 #Margred. Estimate birth year of 1225 if fourth child and parents' marriage in 1218. Not named in Dictionary of Welsh Biography. #[[ap Gruffudd-30|Dafydd ap Gruffudd]], born 1235 and beheaded Shrewsbury 29 Sep 1283). Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[331]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the rebellion of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ…cum David germano suo" in [1281][332]. He succeeded his brother in 1282 as DAFYDD III Prince of Wales. The Annales Cambriæ record that "David" was captured and beheaded "in crastino Beati Michaelis…apud Slopesburiam" in 1283[333]. m ELIZABETH Ferrers, widow of WILLIAM Marshall, daughter of WILLIAM Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Margaret de Quincy of Winchester (-1297). The Annals of Dunstable state that “David germanus Leulini principis Walliæ” married “filia comitis de Ferares��� when recording that she was captured in 1283 with her husband and son[334]. Dafydd & his wife had [four or more] children:
##LLYWELYN (-1288).
##OWAIN . 1305. ##daughters. The Annales Cambriæ record that "David cum duobus filiis uxore et filiabus" were captured "circa festum Nativitatis Beati Johannis Baptistæ" in 1283[335]. Nuns. #[[ap Gruffudd-19|Rhodri ap Gruffudd]] RHODRI (-1315). Born before 1241. Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[336]. The Chronicle of Peterborough records that "rex Lewelino…Oweyn…frater eius" was released in 1277 after many years in captivity and that "Oweyn et Rothericus frater suus" reached agreement with Llywelyn regarding their inheritance[337]. m firstly (1281) BEATRICE, daughter of DAVID de Malpas & his wife --- (-1290). m secondly CATHERINE, daughter of --- (-before 1315). Rhodri & his second wife had one child:##THOMAS ap Rhodri ([1295]-1363). m CECILIA, daughter of ---. Thomas & his wife had one child:
###OWAIN ap Thomas ap Rhodri ([1330]-1378). #GWLADUS (-1261). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Gwladus the daughter of Gruffudd son of Llywelyn, the wife of the lord Rhys, son of Rhys Mechyll" died in 1261[338]. m RHYS ap Rhys Mechyll of Dinefwr, son of RHYS Mechyll Lord of Dinefwr & his wife Matilda de Briouse (-Dinevwr Feb 1271, bur Tal y Llychau).
== Sources ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn_Fawr Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr]
Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Gruffydd ab Llywelyn (d.1244)". Dictionary of National Biography 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
==Acknowledgements==
This person was created through the import of 104-B.ged on 12 September 2010.
}
== Biography ==
===1198 Birth and Parentage===
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1198 – 1 March 1244) was the Welsh first-born son of Llywelyn the Great ("Llywelyn Fawr"). His mother Tangwystl probably died in childbirth. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn_Fawr Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr. ] Wikipedia. Accessed Feb 15, 2016
He was born before 1205.
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was the illegitimate son of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth Fawr ("the Great") Prince of Wales and his mistress Tangwystl of Rhos. Cawley, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Medieval Lands, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Gruffydddied1244A. Accessed Feb 15, 2016
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (d. 1244 ), prince , natural son of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (q.v.) by Tangwystl , daughter of Llywarch Goch of Rhos . Professor Thomas Jones Pierce, M.A., F.S.A., (1905-1964), Aberystwyth. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Dictionary of Welsh Biography.http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s-GRUF-APL-1244.html. Sources: A History of Wales ;Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ; Littere Wallie , 1940 ; Calendar of Ancient Correspondence concerning Wales , 1935 . Accessed February 27, 2016
He was b. sometime before his father's marriage to Joan (q.v.) in 1206 .
===1211 Handed over to King John as Hostage===
The first reference to him is as one of the hostages handed over to John in 1211 ; he was still a prisoner in Aug. 1213 , but was released as part of the general settlement of 1215 .
As a boy, Gruffydd was one of the hostages taken by King John of England as a pledge for his father's continued good faith. A clause in the Magna Carta (1215) compelled his release.
===Resentment of brother Dafydd===
Irresponsible and headstrong, Gruffydd openly resented the fact that his half-brother ( Dafydd ap Llywelyn , q.v. ), was intended to be Llywelyn 's sole successor, an injustice which, in mediaeval Wales , an acknowledged son, though illegitimate by normal standards, could challenge with reasonable hope of public support. It was not Llywelyn 's intention, however, to exclude him entirely, if he proved co-operative, from some share of power.
===1218 Marriage to Senena===
Gruffydd married Senana who was possibly a daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey.
1218 is an estimated year of marriage based on an estimated age of 20 at marriage.
===1220 Possible alternate marriage===
Gruffydd had a son named Llywelyn. According to several non-contemporary Welsh genealogical tracts, the mother of Llywelyn was Rhanullt, an otherwise unknown daughter of Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles. If correct, these sources could indicate that Gruffydd married a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr in about 1220.
Contemporary sources, however, show that Llywelyn's mother was Senena, an undoubted wife of Gruffydd.
===1228-1234 Imprisonment at Degannwy===
Although he suffered a long term of imprisonment at Degannwy from 1228 to 1234 , after having been deprived of the lordships of Ardudwy and Merioneth , he was eventually made lord of Llŷn and given the extensive appanage of Upper Powys , in Llywelyn 's hands since the death of Gwenwynwyn (q.v.) .
===1240: Father's Death and Support for Brother===
On the death of Gruffudd's father llywelyn in 1240, under Welsh law, Gruffudd would have been entitled to consideration as his father's successor. Llywelyn however had excluded him from the succession and had declared Dafydd, his son by his wife Joan, to be heir to the kingdom. Llywelyn went to great lengths to strengthen Dafydd's position, probably aware that there would be considerable Welsh support for Gruffydd against the half-English Dafydd.
===1240 Prisoner of Dafydd===
Llywelyn's father, [[Llywelyn-30|Gruffydd]], and his brother, Owain, were initially kept prisoner by Dafydd, then transferred into the custody of King Henry III of England. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last Llywelyn the Last]
The Annals of Dunstable record that “David” imprisoned “fratrem suum majorem, ex alia matre oriundum” after the death of their father in 1240[312]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.
===1240 Prisoner of Brother Dafydd at Criccieth===
It was Dafydd himself, during his father's last enfeebled years, who struck a final blow for the principles of legitimacy and primogeniture, stripping Gruffydd of all his territories and imprisoning him and Owain ap Gruffydd (q.v.) , his eldest son, at Criccieth . This last event occurred in the period just before Llywelyn d. ( April 1240 ) or immediately afterwards.
===1241 Senena's agreement with Henry III===
On 12 Aug. 1241 , Senena , Gruffydd 's wife, entered into an agreement with Henry III , arranging for her husband's release and restoration. When, a fortnight later, Dafydd was obliged to submit to the king at Gwern Eigron , the first part only of the agreement was fulfilled, for Gruffydd was now made a prisoner in the Tower of London where for over three years he spent an easy confinement in the company of his wife and some of their children, a pawn in the game of Anglo-Welsh politics. His attempt to escape on 1 March 1244 had a fatal ending.
Gruffydd was held a prisoner by his brother Dafydd when the latter took over Gwynedd.
Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[316].
Gruffydd's wife, Senana (possibly a daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey), agreed to pay Henry 600 marks for the release of her husband and their eldest son, Owain, and to hand over her two youngest sons, Dafydd and Rhodri, to the king as hostages to ensure that she kept her part of the bargain.
Henry did not keep his part however, and kept Gruffydd and his son imprisoned as "guests" because this continued to give him the possibility of using Gruffydd as a weapon against his brother.
===1241 Prisoner of Henry III===
Following a successful invasion of the Welsh borders by King Henry III of England in 1241, Dafydd was obliged to hand over Gruffydd into the king's custody, he was then taken to London and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
===1244 Death===
Gruffudd died at the Tower of London 1 Mar 1244.
The Annales Cambriæ record that "Grifinus filius Lewelini" was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1244 and died while attempting to escape[313].
Matthew of Paris records that he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London, dying in an escape attempt[314].
The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Gruffudd son of Llywelyn attempted to escape from the king´s prison in London by throwing a rope through the window of the tower, and descending along the rope, but the rope breaking, he fell and broke his neck" in 1244[315].
His body was discovered by the Yeoman of the Guard the next morning at the foot of the White Tower where he had fallen some 90 feet (27 m). The window from which he made his descent is on the south side of the Tower on the top floor. It was bricked up afterwards and can still be seen today.
[[Llywelyn-30|Gruffydd]] died in 1244, from a fall while trying to escape from his cell at the top of the Tower of London. The window from which he attempted to escape the Tower was bricked up and can still be seen to this day.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last Llywelyn the Last]
===1248 Burial at Aberconway===
In 1248 his remains were conveyed to Wales and laid to rest at Aberconway .
In 1248, the abbots of Strata Florida and Aberconwy arranged for the return of his body to Wales, where he was buried at Aberconwy with his father.
==Issue==
Gruffydd & his wife had five children:
He had four sons — Owain Goch (q.v.) , Llywelyn (q.v.) , Dafydd (q.v.) and Rhodri — and one daughter, Gwladus , who m. Rhys ap Rhys Mechyll .
After his death Gruffydd's four sons—Owain, Llywelyn, Dafydd and Rhodri—would come into their own, and after much fraternal discord, Llywelyn ended up ruling most of Wales. He also had three daughters, Gwladus, Catherine and Margred.
#OWAIN Goch (-before 1282). Estimate birth year 1219 if first child and parents' marriage in 1218. Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[317]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "filii fratris sui Grifini, scilicet Owinus et Lewelinus" succeeded on the death of "David filius Lewelini" in 1246[318]. The Chronicle of Peterborough records that "rex Lewelino…Oweyn…frater eius" was released in 1277 after many years in captivity and that "Oweyn et Rothericus frater suus" reached agreement with Llywelyn regarding their inheritance[319]. #[[Gruffydd-100|Llewelyn ap (Gruffydd) Griffith]] or [[Gwynedd-19|Llewelyn (Gwynedd) ap Gruffudd]]. Estimate birth year 1221 if second child and parents' marriage in 1218. LLYWELYN (-killed in battle 10 Dec 1282). The Annales Cambriæ record that "filii fratris sui Grifini, scilicet Owinus et Lewelinus" succeeded on the death of "David filius Lewelini" in 1246[320]. He succeeded his uncle in 1246 as LLYWELYN II Prince of Wales. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the rebellion of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ…cum David germano suo" in [1281][321]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death "in bello prope Lanueyr in Buelth III Id Dec" in 1282 of "Lewelinus princeps Northwalli��"[322]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ" was killed in battle against the Welsh "IV Id Dec" in 1282[323]. m (13 Oct 1278) ELEANOR de Montfort, daughter of SIMON de Montfort Earl of Leicester & his wife Eleanor of England (1252-19 Jun 1282, bur Llanvaes, Anglesey). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "dominus Aymericus de Monteforte…cum sorore sua Alienora, Lewelino principi Walliæ maritanda" were captured when sailing to Wales in [1276][324]. The Annales Cambriæ record the marriage in 1277 of "Leuuelinus princeps Nortwalliæ" and "filiam comitis Symonis de Monte forti"[325]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "apud Wignornam die Translationi S Eadwardi" 13 Oct [1278] of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ" and "Alienoram filiam Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leycestriæ"[326]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "die SS Gervasii et Protasii" 19 Jun [1282] of "Alienor filia domini Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leicestriæ, nupta Lewelino principi Walliæ" giving birth to her daughter, and her burial "apud Landmairs in domo fratrum minorum"[327]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Eleanor died in childbirth and buried in the chapter house of the barefooted friars at Llanvaes in Mona"[328]. Llywelyn & his wife had one child: ##GWENLLIAN (1282-1337). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "die SS Gervasii et Protasii" 19 Jun [1282] of "filiam���Wencianam" to "Alienor filia domini Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leicestriæ, nupta Lewelino principi Walliæ"[329]. Nun at Sempringham. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "daughter to Llywelyn…Gwenllian…after the death of her father was taken as a prisoner to England and before she was of age, she was made a nun against her consent"[330]. [[Gruffydd-100|Llywelyn]] is thought to have been born around 1222 or 1223. He is first heard of holding lands in the Vale of Clwyd around 1244. Following his grandfather's death in 1240, Llywelyn's uncle, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, succeeded him as ruler of Gwynedd. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last Llywelyn the Last]##Catherine. [[Llewelyn-84|Catherine]], daughter of [[Gruffydd-100|Llewelyn ap Griffith]], Prince of Wales (d. 1282)[https://archive.org/stream/yalegenealogyhis00yale#page/n25/mode/1up Yale genealogy and history of Wales] #[[ferch Gruffydd-11|Catherine ferch Gruffydd]]. Estimate birth year of 1223 if third child and parents' marriage in 1218. Not named in Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Catherine was the daughter of Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince of North Wales. J. Bernard Burke, Esq. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853.(3 Volumes). Volume III, Supplement, Corrigenda, and General Index. London, 1853. https://books.google.com/books?id=S2hHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Ednyfed+Gam%22&source=bl&ots=OIX6qYOHc2&sig=fhY_dA3_DXTPPf2yIH4JvtPXa60&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEQQ6AEwCGoVChMImfvtiJ_KxwIVRtgeCh0DOwG7#v=onepage&q=%22Ednyfed%20Gam%22&f=false. Accessed August 27, 2015 Named by Burke -- "Iorwerth Vychan ap Iorwerth Gam, who married Catherine, daughter of Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince of North Wales, had a son Iorwerth Voel ap iorwerth Vychan. J. Bernard Burke, Esq. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853.(3 Volumes). Volume III, Supplement, Corrigenda, and General Index. London, 1853. https://books.google.com/books?id=S2hHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Ednyfed+Gam%22&source=bl&ots=OIX6qYOHc2&sig=fhY_dA3_DXTPPf2yIH4JvtPXa60&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEQQ6AEwCGoVChMImfvtiJ_KxwIVRtgeCh0DOwG7#v=onepage&q=%22Ednyfed%20Gam%22&f=false. Accessed August 27, 2015 #Margred. Estimate birth year of 1225 if fourth child and parents' marriage in 1218. Not named in Dictionary of Welsh Biography. #[[ap Gruffudd-30|Dafydd ap Gruffudd]], born 1235 and beheaded Shrewsbury 29 Sep 1283). Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[331]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the rebellion of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ…cum David germano suo" in [1281][332]. He succeeded his brother in 1282 as DAFYDD III Prince of Wales. The Annales Cambriæ record that "David" was captured and beheaded "in crastino Beati Michaelis…apud Slopesburiam" in 1283[333]. m ELIZABETH Ferrers, widow of WILLIAM Marshall, daughter of WILLIAM Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Margaret de Quincy of Winchester (-1297). The Annals of Dunstable state that “David germanus Leulini principis Walliæ” married “filia comitis de Ferares��� when recording that she was captured in 1283 with her husband and son[334]. Dafydd & his wife had [four or more] children:
##LLYWELYN (-1288).
##OWAIN . 1305. ##daughters. The Annales Cambriæ record that "David cum duobus filiis uxore et filiabus" were captured "circa festum Nativitatis Beati Johannis Baptistæ" in 1283[335]. Nuns. #[[ap Gruffudd-19|Rhodri ap Gruffudd]] RHODRI (-1315). Born before 1241. Henry III King of England made an agreement with "Senana wife of Griffin son of Llewellyn…whom David his brother keeps in prison with Owen his son" for payment of a ransom for their release, agreeing to give "David and Rothery her sons as hostages" to the king, dated 12 Aug 1241[336]. The Chronicle of Peterborough records that "rex Lewelino…Oweyn…frater eius" was released in 1277 after many years in captivity and that "Oweyn et Rothericus frater suus" reached agreement with Llywelyn regarding their inheritance[337]. m firstly (1281) BEATRICE, daughter of DAVID de Malpas & his wife --- (-1290). m secondly CATHERINE, daughter of --- (-before 1315). Rhodri & his second wife had one child:##THOMAS ap Rhodri ([1295]-1363). m CECILIA, daughter of ---. Thomas & his wife had one child:
###OWAIN ap Thomas ap Rhodri ([1330]-1378). #GWLADUS (-1261). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Gwladus the daughter of Gruffudd son of Llywelyn, the wife of the lord Rhys, son of Rhys Mechyll" died in 1261[338]. m RHYS ap Rhys Mechyll of Dinefwr, son of RHYS Mechyll Lord of Dinefwr & his wife Matilda de Briouse (-Dinevwr Feb 1271, bur Tal y Llychau).
== Sources ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn_Fawr Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr]
Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Gruffydd ab Llywelyn (d.1244)". Dictionary of National Biography 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
==Acknowledgements==
This person was created through the import of 104-B.ged on 12 September 2010.
}
Events
| Birth | Abt 1198 | Gwynedd, Wales | |||
| Death | 1 Mar 1244 | Tower Of London, England | |||
| Reference No | 12341808 | ||||
| Reference No | 13153689 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Father | Llywelyn "Llywelyn Fawr, Llywelyn the Great" ap Iorwerth (1173 - 1240) |
| Mother | Tangwystl ferch Llywarch (1168 - 1226) |
| Sibling | Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn (1209 - 1281) |