Individual Details
John Gaunt
(Mar 1340 - 3 Feb 1399)
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]] [[Category: Order of the Garter]] [[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
----'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
==Titles==
* Prince of EnglandWeir, 2008
* Earl of Richmond
* 1340-99: Duke Of LancasterBlanche's right. Then his own after her death (Weir, 2008).* King of Castile and LeonConstance's right but gave up claim (Encarta).
* Duke of Aquitaine
* Earl of Derby, Lincoln & Leicester
* Seneschal of England
* House of Lancasterfounder}
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
----
}
==Sources==
: Baines, E. (1836). History of the county palatine and duchy of Lancaster. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
: "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
: Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
: Roberts, G.B. (2008). Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants to the American Colonies or the United States. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
: Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
: Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
: Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
: Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
==Biography==
'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
Titles of John of Gaunt: (Royal Ancestry)
:Earl of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester
:Earl of Richmond 1342
:Steward of England
:lord of the Castle, manor, and honour of Tickhill, Yorkshire
:lord of the Castle, manor, and free chace of High Peak, Derbyshire
:lord of the manors of Gringley and Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
:lord of the manors of Aylsham, Fakenham, :and Wighton, Norfolk, etc.:Captain & Lieutenant in the lordships of Merke, Guisnes, and Calais 1369
:Lieutenant Special and Captain-General in France and Aquitaine 1373
:Lieutenant and Commander-General in France & Aquitaine 1378
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1379
:Lieutenant & Vicar-General in the Marches toward Scotland 1381
:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Guienne 1388-1394
:Warden of Bordeaux 1388-1393
:Lieutenant of the Parts of Picardy 1392
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1398
:Constable of the Principality of Chester 1398
and in the right of his wife Blanche, suo jure Lady Lancaster:
:Duke of Lancaster 1362
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
===Death and burial of John of Gaunt===(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) The fourth son of Edward III and Philipp of Hainault, John of Gaunt married Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, in 1360. She died on 12 September 1368 and was buried north of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Paul's London. Gaunt married Constance of Castile two years after Blanche's death. Gaunt died at Leicester Castle on 3 February 1399. The duke's will, dated the day of his death, instructed that his body was not to be embalmed and should remain unburied for forty days. It was to lie overnight at the Carmelite church on Fleet Street before interment near the high altar of St. Paul's beside Blanche. The year before his death, Gaunt had founded a chantry for himself and his third wife, Katherine Swynford, at Lincoln, and his will endowed two further chantries for himself and his first two wives at St. Paul's (Blanche) and the Church of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke at Leicester (Constance of Castile). Gaunt's body was taken from Leicester to London, stopping at St. Albans where a Requiem Mass was sung in the presence of Henry Beaufort. The duke was duly buried at St. Paul's on Passion Sunday, 16 March 1399, forty days after his death. His tomb was described at the time as 'sepultura incomparabile'. The tombs of the duke and his duchess Blanche both had effigies. The St. Paul's tombs and chantry were destroyed during the Great London Fire of 1666.
----
}
==Sources==
*
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 122'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 491-500'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 8'''
* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (2003) p. 158-161
* Baines, E. (1836). ''[[Space:The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster|The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster]]''. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
* "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
* Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
* Roberts, G.B. (2008). ''[[Space:The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants|The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants]]''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
* Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
* Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 Page 132-6]
* Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n45/mode/2up Page 31-43]
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
==Biography==
'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
Titles of John of Gaunt: (Royal Ancestry)
:Earl of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester
:Earl of Richmond 1342
:Steward of England
:lord of the Castle, manor, and honour of Tickhill, Yorkshire
:lord of the Castle, manor, and free chace of High Peak, Derbyshire
:lord of the manors of Gringley and Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
:lord of the manors of Aylsham, Fakenham, :and Wighton, Norfolk, etc.:Captain & Lieutenant in the lordships of Merke, Guisnes, and Calais 1369
:Lieutenant Special and Captain-General in France and Aquitaine 1373
:Lieutenant and Commander-General in France & Aquitaine 1378
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1379
:Lieutenant & Vicar-General in the Marches toward Scotland 1381
:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Guienne 1388-1394
:Warden of Bordeaux 1388-1393
:Lieutenant of the Parts of Picardy 1392
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1398
:Constable of the Principality of Chester 1398
and in the right of his wife Blanche, suo jure Lady Lancaster:
:Duke of Lancaster 1362
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
===Death and burial of John of Gaunt===(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) The fourth son of Edward III and Philipp of Hainault, John of Gaunt married Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, in 1360. She died on 12 September 1368 and was buried north of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Paul's London. Gaunt married Constance of Castile two years after Blanche's death. Gaunt died at Leicester Castle on 3 February 1399. The duke's will, dated the day of his death, instructed that his body was not to be embalmed and should remain unburied for forty days. It was to lie overnight at the Carmelite church on Fleet Street before interment near the high altar of St. Paul's beside Blanche. The year before his death, Gaunt had founded a chantry for himself and his third wife, Katherine Swynford, at Lincoln, and his will endowed two further chantries for himself and his first two wives at St. Paul's (Blanche) and the Church of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke at Leicester (Constance of Castile). Gaunt's body was taken from Leicester to London, stopping at St. Albans where a Requiem Mass was sung in the presence of Henry Beaufort. The duke was duly buried at St. Paul's on Passion Sunday, 16 March 1399, forty days after his death. His tomb was described at the time as 'sepultura incomparabile'. The tombs of the duke and his duchess Blanche both had effigies. The St. Paul's tombs and chantry were destroyed during the Great London Fire of 1666.
----
}
==Sources==
*
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 122'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 491-500'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 8'''
* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (2003) p. 158-161
* Baines, E. (1836). ''[[Space:The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster|The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster]]''. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
* "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
* Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
* Roberts, G.B. (2008). ''[[Space:The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants|The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants]]''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
* Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
* Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 Page 132-6]
* Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n45/mode/2up Page 31-43]
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
==Biography==
'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
Titles of John of Gaunt: (Royal Ancestry)
:Earl of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester
:Earl of Richmond 1342
:Steward of England
:lord of the Castle, manor, and honour of Tickhill, Yorkshire
:lord of the Castle, manor, and free chace of High Peak, Derbyshire
:lord of the manors of Gringley and Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
:lord of the manors of Aylsham, Fakenham, :and Wighton, Norfolk, etc.:Captain & Lieutenant in the lordships of Merke, Guisnes, and Calais 1369
:Lieutenant Special and Captain-General in France and Aquitaine 1373
:Lieutenant and Commander-General in France & Aquitaine 1378
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1379
:Lieutenant & Vicar-General in the Marches toward Scotland 1381
:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Guienne 1388-1394
:Warden of Bordeaux 1388-1393
:Lieutenant of the Parts of Picardy 1392
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1398
:Constable of the Principality of Chester 1398
and in the right of his wife Blanche, suo jure Lady Lancaster:
:Duke of Lancaster 1362
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
===Death and burial of John of Gaunt===(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) The fourth son of Edward III and Philipp of Hainault, John of Gaunt married Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, in 1360. She died on 12 September 1368 and was buried north of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Paul's London. Gaunt married Constance of Castile two years after Blanche's death. Gaunt died at Leicester Castle on 3 February 1399. The duke's will, dated the day of his death, instructed that his body was not to be embalmed and should remain unburied for forty days. It was to lie overnight at the Carmelite church on Fleet Street before interment near the high altar of St. Paul's beside Blanche. The year before his death, Gaunt had founded a chantry for himself and his third wife, Katherine Swynford, at Lincoln, and his will endowed two further chantries for himself and his first two wives at St. Paul's (Blanche) and the Church of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke at Leicester (Constance of Castile). Gaunt's body was taken from Leicester to London, stopping at St. Albans where a Requiem Mass was sung in the presence of Henry Beaufort. The duke was duly buried at St. Paul's on Passion Sunday, 16 March 1399, forty days after his death. His tomb was described at the time as 'sepultura incomparabile'. The tombs of the duke and his duchess Blanche both had effigies. The St. Paul's tombs and chantry were destroyed during the Great London Fire of 1666.
----
}
==Sources==
*
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 122'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 491-500'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 8'''
* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (2003) p. 158-161
* Baines, E. (1836). ''[[Space:The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster|The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster]]''. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
* "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
* Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
* Roberts, G.B. (2008). ''[[Space:The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants|The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants]]''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
* Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
* Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 Page 132-6]
* Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n45/mode/2up Page 31-43]
-----
}
----'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
==Titles==
* Prince of EnglandWeir, 2008
* Earl of Richmond
* 1340-99: Duke Of LancasterBlanche's right. Then his own after her death (Weir, 2008).* King of Castile and LeonConstance's right but gave up claim (Encarta).
* Duke of Aquitaine
* Earl of Derby, Lincoln & Leicester
* Seneschal of England
* House of Lancasterfounder}
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
----
}
==Sources==
: Baines, E. (1836). History of the county palatine and duchy of Lancaster. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
: "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
: Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
: Roberts, G.B. (2008). Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants to the American Colonies or the United States. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
: Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
: Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
: Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
: Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
==Biography==
'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
Titles of John of Gaunt: (Royal Ancestry)
:Earl of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester
:Earl of Richmond 1342
:Steward of England
:lord of the Castle, manor, and honour of Tickhill, Yorkshire
:lord of the Castle, manor, and free chace of High Peak, Derbyshire
:lord of the manors of Gringley and Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
:lord of the manors of Aylsham, Fakenham, :and Wighton, Norfolk, etc.:Captain & Lieutenant in the lordships of Merke, Guisnes, and Calais 1369
:Lieutenant Special and Captain-General in France and Aquitaine 1373
:Lieutenant and Commander-General in France & Aquitaine 1378
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1379
:Lieutenant & Vicar-General in the Marches toward Scotland 1381
:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Guienne 1388-1394
:Warden of Bordeaux 1388-1393
:Lieutenant of the Parts of Picardy 1392
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1398
:Constable of the Principality of Chester 1398
and in the right of his wife Blanche, suo jure Lady Lancaster:
:Duke of Lancaster 1362
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
===Death and burial of John of Gaunt===(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) The fourth son of Edward III and Philipp of Hainault, John of Gaunt married Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, in 1360. She died on 12 September 1368 and was buried north of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Paul's London. Gaunt married Constance of Castile two years after Blanche's death. Gaunt died at Leicester Castle on 3 February 1399. The duke's will, dated the day of his death, instructed that his body was not to be embalmed and should remain unburied for forty days. It was to lie overnight at the Carmelite church on Fleet Street before interment near the high altar of St. Paul's beside Blanche. The year before his death, Gaunt had founded a chantry for himself and his third wife, Katherine Swynford, at Lincoln, and his will endowed two further chantries for himself and his first two wives at St. Paul's (Blanche) and the Church of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke at Leicester (Constance of Castile). Gaunt's body was taken from Leicester to London, stopping at St. Albans where a Requiem Mass was sung in the presence of Henry Beaufort. The duke was duly buried at St. Paul's on Passion Sunday, 16 March 1399, forty days after his death. His tomb was described at the time as 'sepultura incomparabile'. The tombs of the duke and his duchess Blanche both had effigies. The St. Paul's tombs and chantry were destroyed during the Great London Fire of 1666.
----
}
==Sources==
*
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 122'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 491-500'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 8'''
* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (2003) p. 158-161
* Baines, E. (1836). ''[[Space:The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster|The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster]]''. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
* "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
* Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
* Roberts, G.B. (2008). ''[[Space:The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants|The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants]]''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
* Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
* Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 Page 132-6]
* Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n45/mode/2up Page 31-43]
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
==Biography==
'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
Titles of John of Gaunt: (Royal Ancestry)
:Earl of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester
:Earl of Richmond 1342
:Steward of England
:lord of the Castle, manor, and honour of Tickhill, Yorkshire
:lord of the Castle, manor, and free chace of High Peak, Derbyshire
:lord of the manors of Gringley and Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
:lord of the manors of Aylsham, Fakenham, :and Wighton, Norfolk, etc.:Captain & Lieutenant in the lordships of Merke, Guisnes, and Calais 1369
:Lieutenant Special and Captain-General in France and Aquitaine 1373
:Lieutenant and Commander-General in France & Aquitaine 1378
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1379
:Lieutenant & Vicar-General in the Marches toward Scotland 1381
:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Guienne 1388-1394
:Warden of Bordeaux 1388-1393
:Lieutenant of the Parts of Picardy 1392
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1398
:Constable of the Principality of Chester 1398
and in the right of his wife Blanche, suo jure Lady Lancaster:
:Duke of Lancaster 1362
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
===Death and burial of John of Gaunt===(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) The fourth son of Edward III and Philipp of Hainault, John of Gaunt married Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, in 1360. She died on 12 September 1368 and was buried north of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Paul's London. Gaunt married Constance of Castile two years after Blanche's death. Gaunt died at Leicester Castle on 3 February 1399. The duke's will, dated the day of his death, instructed that his body was not to be embalmed and should remain unburied for forty days. It was to lie overnight at the Carmelite church on Fleet Street before interment near the high altar of St. Paul's beside Blanche. The year before his death, Gaunt had founded a chantry for himself and his third wife, Katherine Swynford, at Lincoln, and his will endowed two further chantries for himself and his first two wives at St. Paul's (Blanche) and the Church of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke at Leicester (Constance of Castile). Gaunt's body was taken from Leicester to London, stopping at St. Albans where a Requiem Mass was sung in the presence of Henry Beaufort. The duke was duly buried at St. Paul's on Passion Sunday, 16 March 1399, forty days after his death. His tomb was described at the time as 'sepultura incomparabile'. The tombs of the duke and his duchess Blanche both had effigies. The St. Paul's tombs and chantry were destroyed during the Great London Fire of 1666.
----
}
==Sources==
*
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 122'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 491-500'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 8'''
* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (2003) p. 158-161
* Baines, E. (1836). ''[[Space:The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster|The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster]]''. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
* "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
* Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
* Roberts, G.B. (2008). ''[[Space:The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants|The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants]]''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
* Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
* Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 Page 132-6]
* Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n45/mode/2up Page 31-43]
[[Category: Hundred Years' War]]
[[Category: Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category: House of Lancaster]]
-----
}
==Biography==
'''John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)'''Complete Peerage, G.E.C., Eng. V, v. 7, p. 410-16; [[Wikipedia: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]]; [http://www.britannia.com/bios/royals/jgdklanc.html www.britannia.com]; [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101878 www.thepeerage.com]
b. Mar 1340 GhentM.E., Gaunt, now in Belgium.b. Bavon Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium . S171. Page 1; Various Ancestry.com family trees list birth as 6 MAR 1339/40. Note they use French place name: Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flandre Oriental, Belgium; Bur: 15 MAR 1398/9 St Paul's Cath London S648}
d. 03 Feb, 1399.d. Ely Place; bur. St Paul's Cathedral 15 Mar 1399.}
Titles of John of Gaunt: (Royal Ancestry)
:Earl of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester
:Earl of Richmond 1342
:Steward of England
:lord of the Castle, manor, and honour of Tickhill, Yorkshire
:lord of the Castle, manor, and free chace of High Peak, Derbyshire
:lord of the manors of Gringley and Wheatley, Nottinghamshire
:lord of the manors of Aylsham, Fakenham, :and Wighton, Norfolk, etc.:Captain & Lieutenant in the lordships of Merke, Guisnes, and Calais 1369
:Lieutenant Special and Captain-General in France and Aquitaine 1373
:Lieutenant and Commander-General in France & Aquitaine 1378
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1379
:Lieutenant & Vicar-General in the Marches toward Scotland 1381
:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Guienne 1388-1394
:Warden of Bordeaux 1388-1393
:Lieutenant of the Parts of Picardy 1392
:Lieutenant in the Marches toward Scotland 1398
:Constable of the Principality of Chester 1398
and in the right of his wife Blanche, suo jure Lady Lancaster:
:Duke of Lancaster 1362
==Parents==
Edward III4th son of Edward III; brother of Edward, the Black Prince. and Philippa of Hainaultb. 6 Mar 1340 (1340-03-06) Ghent - c. 3 Feb 1399 (aged 58) Leicester Castle, Leicestershire; Bur. St Paul's Cathedral, London}
==Marriage and Issue==
m.1 1359 '''Blanche of Lancaster'''Father: Henry, Duke of Lancaster; when Henry died, John became duke; d. dec. 1369}
* Philippa, Queen of Portugal
* Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter
::: m.1 John Hastings
::: m.2 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
::: m.3 Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Millbrook
* Henry IV of England
m.2 '''Constance, Infanta of Castile'''Father: Peter I the Cruel of Castile and León; Due to second marriage, John claimed throne of Castile (Encarta).
* Catherine m. Henry III, King of Castile
m.3 '''Katherine Swynford'''. Issue:m. 1396/7 Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France.} Catherine was John's mistress prior to marriage (Weir, 2008); Issue legitimized by parliament btw 22 Jan - 12 Feb 1396/7; wid. 1399.; or m. 1371; dec. 1394?}; Catherine was governess to the Dukes' daughter by his first wife, became John's mistress in 1388 (Weir, 2008); Children born before marriage. Later legitimized by Pope.}
* John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset m. Margaret Holland
* Cardinal Henry Beaufort
* Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter m. Margaret Neville
* Joan Beaufort
::: m.1 Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem
:::m.2 Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
==Occupation==
* soldierwars: England v France; England v Spain
* statesmanWith Alice Perrers, his father's mistress, John dominated English government. He was opposed by Parliament and by the Black Prince (Encarta).
==Property==
* Savoy Palace on the banks of the Thames.
==Timeline==
:1367: commanded army division that defeated army of Henry (later Henry II, king of Castile and León) at Nájera.
:1370-71: During Hundred Years' War, aided Black Prince against France, and established English rule over most of southern France.
:1376: Parliament banished Alice Perrers and curtailed John's powers. But the death of the Black Prince and Parliament's dissolution enabled him to regain power.
:1377: after Edward III dies and Richard II succeedsson of the Black Prince, gives up control of government. Plays peacemaker. Supports king.
:1380: lost much of the territory English won.After illness forced the Black Prince to go home, John took command of the English armies.
:1386: invaded Castile. Defeated by John I of Castile and León.
:1387: gave up Castile and Leónwhen dau m. future Henry III of Castile and León.
:1390: duke of Aquitainemade duke by king.
:1396: m. mistress Catherine Swynford
:1397: Richard legitimizes John and Catherine's children.
:1398: Henry of Lancaster exiled.John's son; Henry IV of England.
:03 Feb 1399: dies. Henry Bolingbroke succeeds.
===Death and burial of John of Gaunt===(Royal Tombs of Medieval England) The fourth son of Edward III and Philipp of Hainault, John of Gaunt married Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, in 1360. She died on 12 September 1368 and was buried north of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Paul's London. Gaunt married Constance of Castile two years after Blanche's death. Gaunt died at Leicester Castle on 3 February 1399. The duke's will, dated the day of his death, instructed that his body was not to be embalmed and should remain unburied for forty days. It was to lie overnight at the Carmelite church on Fleet Street before interment near the high altar of St. Paul's beside Blanche. The year before his death, Gaunt had founded a chantry for himself and his third wife, Katherine Swynford, at Lincoln, and his will endowed two further chantries for himself and his first two wives at St. Paul's (Blanche) and the Church of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke at Leicester (Constance of Castile). Gaunt's body was taken from Leicester to London, stopping at St. Albans where a Requiem Mass was sung in the presence of Henry Beaufort. The duke was duly buried at St. Paul's on Passion Sunday, 16 March 1399, forty days after his death. His tomb was described at the time as 'sepultura incomparabile'. The tombs of the duke and his duchess Blanche both had effigies. The St. Paul's tombs and chantry were destroyed during the Great London Fire of 1666.
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}
==Sources==
*
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 122'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 491-500'''
* '''Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 8'''
* Duffy, Mark. ''Royal Tombs of Medieval England'' (2003) p. 158-161
* Baines, E. (1836). ''[[Space:The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster|The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster]]''. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp01bain#page/n167/mode/2up archive.org].
* "John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster," (1993-1997). Microsoft Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
* Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (2ed, Vol.IV, pp.114). Kimball G. Everingham, ed. Salt Lake City: N.p.
* Roberts, G.B. (2008). ''[[Space:The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants|The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants]]''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Stuart, R.W. (2002). Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Phillipa, (4th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
* Weir, A. (2008). Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess. London: Vintage Books. E-book
* Weis, F.L. (1999). Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, (5th ed).
* Will. [https://archive.org/stream/testamentaeborac01york#page/222/mode/2up arhive.org]. (En Francais).
* Beltz, George. ''[[Space:Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter|Memorials of the Order of the Garter]]'' (William Pickering, London, 1841) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 Page 132-6]
* Burke, Bernard. ''[[Space:Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin|Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders Kin]]'' (Harrison, London, 1864) [https://archive.org/stream/royaldescentsped00burk#page/n45/mode/2up Page 31-43]
Events
| Birth | Mar 1340 | Abbaye de St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre, Orientale, Belgium |  | ||
| Birth | Mar 1340 | Abbaye de St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre, Orientale, Belgium | | ||
| Birth | Mar 1340 | Abbaye de St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre, Orientale, Belgium | | ||
| Birth | Mar 1340 | Gent, Vlaanderen | | ||
| Birth | Mar 1340 | St Bavon's Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium | | ||
| Birth | 24 Jun 1340 | Abbaye de St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre, Orientale, Belgium | | ||
| Marriage | 13 Jan 1396 | Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, England - Catherine Swynford De Roet "Duchess of Lancaster" | |||
| Death | 3 Feb 1399 | Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England | | ||
| Death | 4 Feb 1399 | Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England | | ||
| Alt name | John Gaunt "Duke Lancaster" | | |||
| Burial | London, City of London, Greater London, England | | |||
| Title (Nobility) | Sir |
Families
| Spouse | Catherine Swynford De Roet "Duchess of Lancaster" (1350 - 1403) |
| Child | John Beaufort Earl of Somerset Marquis of Dorset and Somerset (1373 - 1410) |
| Child | Joan Beaufort LG (1375 - 1440) |
| Child | Joan deBeaufort Plantagenet (1375 - 1440) |
| Spouse | Blanche Plantagenet (1345 - 1369) |
| Child | Elizabeth Plantagenet (1362 - 1425) |
| Father | Edward III "King of England" (1312 - 1377) |
| Mother | Philippa Hainault "Consort England" (1311 - 1369) |
| Sibling | Edward Plantagenet (1330 - 1376) |
| Sibling | Isabel Coucy (1332 - 1379) |
| Sibling | William Hatfield Prince (1337 - 1337) |
| Sibling | Lionel Plantagenet (1338 - 1368) |
| Sibling | Edmund Langley "Duke of York" (1341 - 1402) |
| Sibling | Edmund De Langley "Duke of York" (1341 - 1402) |
| Sibling | Mary Waltham (1344 - 1362) |
| Sibling | Margaret Hastings (1346 - 1361) |
| Sibling | Thomas Plantagenet (1355 - 1397) |
Endnotes
1. Heritage Consulting, Millennium File (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003).
6. Ancestry.com, Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010).
7. Ancestry.com, Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010).
8. Heritage Consulting, Millennium File (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003).
9. Ancestry.com, UK and Ireland, Find A Grave Index, 1300s-Current (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012).
10. Ancestry.com, Web: International, Find A Grave Index (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013).
11. Ancestry.com, Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010).
12. Ancestry.com, Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010).
13. Heritage Consulting, Millennium File (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003).
14. Ancestry.com, UK and Ireland, Find A Grave Index, 1300s-Current (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012).
15. Ancestry.com, Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014).
16. Ancestry.com, Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015 (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014).
17. Heritage Consulting, Millennium File (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003).