Individual Details

[[Category:Scotland, Notables]]
[[Category:Hamilton Name Study]]
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}'''MERGE WARNING:''' Extensive genetic research conducted by the Hamilton DNA Project Group has shown beyond a doubt that the subject of this profile is NOT the son of John Hamilton (Hamilton-1087) and so his father is shown as "Unknown".
As there are still a number of duplicates of this person in Wikitree if you intend to merge them then ensure that the details of his parentage are preserved and the notes refering to his genetic "fingerprint" are retained.
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== Biography ==
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===Who was the father of James?===
Extensive research by the Hamilton DNA Project Group involving targeted genetic testing and analysis of historical documentation has shown conclusively that a non-paternal event occurred involving the first son of John Hamilton and Jacoba Douglas. The results of the Project Group, which has involved many hundreds of test subjects, can be found on the following site:
[http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/g/a/gah4/HamDNA/Results.html DNA Project Site - Participants results]

The Group A Hamiltons descend from either the brothers of Hamilton-1093 or his uncles giving a clear picture of the characteristics of John Hamilton's Y-DNA. The Group B Hamiltons descend directly from Hamilton-1093 himself which provides a clear picture of the characteristics of his DNA. There is no way that Hamilton-1087 can be the father of Hamilton-1093 and it is now known that the most recent common ancestor that they could share lived at least 4000 years ago.
At the bottom of the following page in Section 8 starting with the sentence "Who was the father of James? - (hyperlinked to James Hamilton, 5th of Cadzow)" you will find a discourse on the research project as well as an examination of the paper record of the time. [http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/a/gah4/HamDNA/Results.html Hamilton DNA Project Site - Paternity discussion]


See also the notation under the "Paternity" section of his
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hamilton_of_Cadzow Wikipedia page for James Hamilton of Cadzow.]

That note was placed in the early stages of the project and with the additional testing and research since then the matter has been clarified to remove any uncertainty. We now know that the real father came from a line that emerged genetically some 4000 years ago whereas the father's line, although on the same broad genetic branch, emerged about 2000 years ago.

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'''Sir James Hamilton 5th Baron of Cadzow'''

History has him as the son of Sir John Hamilton of Cadzow and his wife, Janet Douglas however extensive genetic testing involving several hundred present day Hamiltons has shown this to not be the case (see the note further down this profile).
James Hamilton is first attested to in 1397 in a writ of that year, his father Sir John Hamilton granted him the lands and privileges of Kinneil, in return for the superiority of all property that had been promised to him through his marriage after his attainment of majority.
[[#Paul|Paul]][https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun04pauluoft/page/347/mode/1up p. 337-9]

[[#Anderson|Anderson]]:[https://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/archive/95389795#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=59&xywh=-899%2C-207%2C4295%2C3711 pp. 50-64]

In 1424, Hamilton was one of the Scottish Lords allowed passage to Durham to visit the captive James I of Scotland in the same year, he was one of many Scots hostages given to the English as security for the payment of the ransom of the newly freed King of Scots his estate was valued at 500 merks.
Hamilton was confined first at Fotheringay Castle, then at Dover Castle. He appears to have been released by 1426
He was invested as a knight before 1430.Hamilton died not later than 1441, when his son is described as Lord of Cadzow.

===Marriage and Children===

'''m. Janet Livingston''' before 1422: when he received a charter of the lands of Schawis from his father-in-law, Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar.

[[#Johnston|Johnston]]:[https://archive.org/details/heraldryofhamils00john/page/11/mode/1up p. 11]
Issue: 6
* James Hamilton, 6th Laird of Cadzow - later a Lord of Parliament as 1st Lord Hamilton
* Alexander Hamilton - ancestor of Hamiltons of Silvertonhill
* John Hamilton
* Gavin Hamilton - ancestor of Hamiltons of Dalzell
* Agnes m. Sir James Hamilton of Preston
* Elizabeth m. Chalmers of Gadgirth

'''m. Jacoba (Janet) Douglas'''
* Thomas Hamilton
* James Hamilton
* Walter Hamilton
* Catherine Hamilton
* David Hamilton

===Extensive Genetic Genealogy Research on Hamilton Surname===
1. Extensive genetic genealogy research carried out by the Hamilton Surname Project indicates that contrary to popular belief, the father of the subject (James) cannot be John, the 4th Baron of Cadzow.
Genetic testing of numerous descendants of James has shown that he carried a particular genetic marker on his Y chromosome. This marker, an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), is designated L-1237.
Similar testing involving descendants of his father (ie his half brothers) as well as descendants of his father's non-lineal ancestors (uncles etc) has indicated that all of these males carry the SNP L-338.
As a result the is no way for it to be possible that John (4th Baron of Cadzow) to have been the father of James (5th Baron of Cadzow).
2 & 3) Rather than repeat the various volumes that have been written about him below are references to his Wikipedia entry and the Peerage.

=== DNA: Y-Chromosome Haplogroup ===

====I-L1237 ====
The FTDNA Hamilton DNA Project lists this person as a Group B Hamilton and so all of his male line descendants will also be in this group which currently has a terminal SNP of L1237. There have been several most recent SNPs discovered below L1237 which help define various lines of his descendants down to the present day.
* Explanation of Y chromosome testing for genealogy purposes see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test#Y_chromosome_.28Y-DNA.29_testing Wikipedia]
* STR patterns can be used to predict a haplogroup, wheresas specific SNP testing accurately defines a haplogroup. The current approved haplotree is at [http://www.isogg.org/tree/index.html ISOGG]; and current haplogroup designations against specific SNPs are at [http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_YDNA_SNP_IndexSource.html Y-DNA SNP Source]

== Sources ==
* Anderson, John, "Historical and genealogical memoirs of the House of Hamilton", (Edinburgh: John Anderson, 1825)
* Johnston, G. Harvey, "The heraldry of the Hamiltons : with notes on all the males of the family, description of the arms, plates and pedigrees", (Edinburgh: W. & A. K. Johnston, LTD, 1909)
* Paul, James Balfour, "The Scots peerage : founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom", (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1907), Vol. IV


See also:
* [http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/g/a/gah4/HamDNA/Results.html Hamilton Surname DNA Results and discussion]. See particularly point 8.

* Wikipedia: [[Wikipedia:James_Hamilton_of_Cadzow|James Hamilton]]

* }
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10940.htm#i109392 The Peerage: James Hamilton]
* Cokayne, GE: ''The Complete Peerage'', 1st edn, 8 vols, Volume 4, [https://archive.org/stream/completepeerage02cokagoog#page/n151/mode/2up page 138]. The best information Cokayne had, relying on the opinions of "authorities", was that Sir James was alive in 1451. On this basis, he assigns the creation of the Parliamentary title in 1445 to this James and not to his son.