Individual Details
Archbishop Thomas FitzAlan
(Abt 1353 - 19 Feb 1414)
[[Category:Canterbury, Kent]]
[[Category:Etchingham, Sussex]]
== Biography ==
===1353 Birth and Parents===
Thomas Arundel was born in 1353, probably in Etchingham, Sussex, England, a younger son of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster. [[Wikipedia: Thomas Arundel]] Accessed 121/18/2019 [[Day-1904|jhd]]
Thomas was the child of [[Fitz Alan-101|Richard Fitz Alan]] and [[Plantagenet-1538|Elanor Lancaster Plantagenet]].
His elder brother was John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel.
===1373 Bishop of Ely===
Thomas Arundel was a student at Oriel College, Oxford, when he was " papally provided as Bishop of Ely on 13 August 1373 entirely by reason of his father's status and financial leverage with the Crown during the dotage of Edward III." He "happily abandoned his student days at Oxford, from which he gained little pleasure."
The bishopric of Ely was a "hugely wealthy near-sinecure, Ely seems to have captured the young bishop's genuine interest until his brother's political opposition to Richard II's policies both at home and towards France grew rancorous and dragged him in. In an extremely grave crisis, teetering towards civil war, 1386-8, the bishop found himself, at least in formal terms, right at the front of the dangerous attempts by five leading temporal lords to purge the king's advisors and control future policy."
===1386 Lord Chancellor and Archbishop of York===
Arundel served as Lord Chancellor during the reign of King Richard II, from 1386 to 1389 and again from 1391 to 1396. During this period he also, on 3 April 1388, Arundel was elevated to the position of Archbishop of York.
===1396 Archbishop of Canterbury===
He was made Archbishop of Canterbury on 25 September 1396, upon nomination by the king.
He was preceded by William Courtenay and succeeded by Henry Chichele.
===1397 Countercoup and Exile===
King Richard II had been virtually deprived of power by leaders who included Thomas Arundel, and Arundel's brother John FitzAlan. In 1397 the King engineered a countercoup. John FitzAlan had been offered a royal safe conduct, which he accepted and was then executed. Arundel was exiled to Florence.
At Richard II's request, Pope Boniface IX made Arundel Bishop of St. Andrews. This was a "cruel, empty fate because Scotland during the Great Schism recognised the Pope in Avignon, already had a bishop in place and would probably never have accepted him anyway, even in peaceful times.
===Henry IV===
Shortly afterwards, however, Arundel joined with Henry Bolingbroke, a fellow exile; they invaded England and forced Richard to yield the crown to Bolingbroke, who became Henry IV. Arundel returned to the primacy of Canterbury. Arundel served as Lord Chancellor under Henry first in 1399 and then from 1407 to 1410.
===Enemy of Lollards===
"Arundel was a vehement opponent of the Lollards, the followers of John Wycliffe, who in his 1379 treatise De Eucharistia had opposed the dogma of Transubstantiation. King Henry IV passed the De heretico comburendo statute in 1401, which recited in its preamble that it was directed against a certain new sect "who thought damnably of the sacraments and usurped the office of preaching." It empowered the bishops to arrest, imprison, and examine offenders and to hand over to the secular authorities such as had relapsed or refused to abjure. The condemned were to be burnt "in an high place" before the people. This act was probably pushed through by the authoritative Arundel. Its passing was immediately followed by the burning of William Sawtrey, curate of St Margaret's, Lynn. He had previously abjured but had relapsed, and he now refused to declare his belief in transubstantiation or to recognise the authority of the Church."
===Death===
He died 19 February 1414.
===Marriage and Children===
There is no record of a marriage or children.
== Sources ==
See also:
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Arundel Wikipedia: Thomas Arundel]* Source: S563 Abbreviation: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppa Reference: 26 May 2003 Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 Subsequent Source Citation Format: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 BIBL Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. TMPLT TID 0 FIELD Name: Footnote VALUE Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: ShortFootnote VALUE Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: Bibliography VALUE Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. * Source: S648 Abbreviation: Our Kingdom Come Title: Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come (http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005) Subsequent Source Citation Format: Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come BIBL Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com). Our Kingdom Come. http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005. TMPLT TID 0 FIELD Name: Footnote VALUE Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come (http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005) FIELD Name: ShortFootnote VALUE Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come FIELD Name: Bibliography VALUE Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com). Our Kingdom Come. http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005. TMPLT FIELD Name: Page * Source: S817 Abbreviation: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, addi t ions by Walter Lee Reference: 26 May 2003 Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 Subsequent Source Citation Format: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 BIBL The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. TMPLT TID 0 FIELD Name: Footnote VALUE The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: ShortFootnote VALUE The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: Bibliography VALUE The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. * [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-713#odnb-9780198614128-e-713 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Arundel [Fitzalan], Thomas (1353–1414) Jonathan Hughes]
=== Acknowledgements ===
* WikiTree profile FitzAlan-437 created through the import of Lupton file.ged on Jul 8, 2011 by [[Ostermyer-1 | Kim Ostermyer]].* WikiTree profile Fitz-Alan-6 created through the import of wikitree.ged on Aug 1, 2011 by [[Brown-8212 | Abby Brown]]. * WikiTree profile Fitzalan-390 created through the import of FAMILY 6162011.GED on Jun 20, 2011 by [[Stephenson-407 | Michael Stephenson]].
* hofundssonAnces.ged* This person was created through the import of LJ Pellman Consolidated Family_2011-03-21.ged on 21 March 2011.
[[Category:Etchingham, Sussex]]
== Biography ==
===1353 Birth and Parents===
Thomas Arundel was born in 1353, probably in Etchingham, Sussex, England, a younger son of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster. [[Wikipedia: Thomas Arundel]] Accessed 121/18/2019 [[Day-1904|jhd]]
Thomas was the child of [[Fitz Alan-101|Richard Fitz Alan]] and [[Plantagenet-1538|Elanor Lancaster Plantagenet]].
His elder brother was John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel.
===1373 Bishop of Ely===
Thomas Arundel was a student at Oriel College, Oxford, when he was " papally provided as Bishop of Ely on 13 August 1373 entirely by reason of his father's status and financial leverage with the Crown during the dotage of Edward III." He "happily abandoned his student days at Oxford, from which he gained little pleasure."
The bishopric of Ely was a "hugely wealthy near-sinecure, Ely seems to have captured the young bishop's genuine interest until his brother's political opposition to Richard II's policies both at home and towards France grew rancorous and dragged him in. In an extremely grave crisis, teetering towards civil war, 1386-8, the bishop found himself, at least in formal terms, right at the front of the dangerous attempts by five leading temporal lords to purge the king's advisors and control future policy."
===1386 Lord Chancellor and Archbishop of York===
Arundel served as Lord Chancellor during the reign of King Richard II, from 1386 to 1389 and again from 1391 to 1396. During this period he also, on 3 April 1388, Arundel was elevated to the position of Archbishop of York.
===1396 Archbishop of Canterbury===
He was made Archbishop of Canterbury on 25 September 1396, upon nomination by the king.
He was preceded by William Courtenay and succeeded by Henry Chichele.
===1397 Countercoup and Exile===
King Richard II had been virtually deprived of power by leaders who included Thomas Arundel, and Arundel's brother John FitzAlan. In 1397 the King engineered a countercoup. John FitzAlan had been offered a royal safe conduct, which he accepted and was then executed. Arundel was exiled to Florence.
At Richard II's request, Pope Boniface IX made Arundel Bishop of St. Andrews. This was a "cruel, empty fate because Scotland during the Great Schism recognised the Pope in Avignon, already had a bishop in place and would probably never have accepted him anyway, even in peaceful times.
===Henry IV===
Shortly afterwards, however, Arundel joined with Henry Bolingbroke, a fellow exile; they invaded England and forced Richard to yield the crown to Bolingbroke, who became Henry IV. Arundel returned to the primacy of Canterbury. Arundel served as Lord Chancellor under Henry first in 1399 and then from 1407 to 1410.
===Enemy of Lollards===
"Arundel was a vehement opponent of the Lollards, the followers of John Wycliffe, who in his 1379 treatise De Eucharistia had opposed the dogma of Transubstantiation. King Henry IV passed the De heretico comburendo statute in 1401, which recited in its preamble that it was directed against a certain new sect "who thought damnably of the sacraments and usurped the office of preaching." It empowered the bishops to arrest, imprison, and examine offenders and to hand over to the secular authorities such as had relapsed or refused to abjure. The condemned were to be burnt "in an high place" before the people. This act was probably pushed through by the authoritative Arundel. Its passing was immediately followed by the burning of William Sawtrey, curate of St Margaret's, Lynn. He had previously abjured but had relapsed, and he now refused to declare his belief in transubstantiation or to recognise the authority of the Church."
===Death===
He died 19 February 1414.
===Marriage and Children===
There is no record of a marriage or children.
== Sources ==
See also:
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Arundel Wikipedia: Thomas Arundel]* Source: S563 Abbreviation: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppa Reference: 26 May 2003 Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 Subsequent Source Citation Format: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 BIBL Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. TMPLT TID 0 FIELD Name: Footnote VALUE Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: ShortFootnote VALUE Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: Bibliography VALUE Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. * Source: S648 Abbreviation: Our Kingdom Come Title: Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come (http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005) Subsequent Source Citation Format: Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come BIBL Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com). Our Kingdom Come. http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005. TMPLT TID 0 FIELD Name: Footnote VALUE Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come (http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005) FIELD Name: ShortFootnote VALUE Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com), Our Kingdom Come FIELD Name: Bibliography VALUE Eileen McKinnon-Suggs (suggs1@msn.com). Our Kingdom Come. http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=emsuggs&id=I39737 CONT Last updated October 10, 2004 CONT Accessed December 2, 2005. TMPLT FIELD Name: Page * Source: S817 Abbreviation: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, addi t ions by Walter Lee Reference: 26 May 2003 Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 Subsequent Source Citation Format: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 BIBL The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. TMPLT TID 0 FIELD Name: Footnote VALUE The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: ShortFootnote VALUE The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 FIELD Name: Bibliography VALUE The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999. * [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-713#odnb-9780198614128-e-713 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Arundel [Fitzalan], Thomas (1353–1414) Jonathan Hughes]
=== Acknowledgements ===
* WikiTree profile FitzAlan-437 created through the import of Lupton file.ged on Jul 8, 2011 by [[Ostermyer-1 | Kim Ostermyer]].* WikiTree profile Fitz-Alan-6 created through the import of wikitree.ged on Aug 1, 2011 by [[Brown-8212 | Abby Brown]]. * WikiTree profile Fitzalan-390 created through the import of FAMILY 6162011.GED on Jun 20, 2011 by [[Stephenson-407 | Michael Stephenson]].
* hofundssonAnces.ged* This person was created through the import of LJ Pellman Consolidated Family_2011-03-21.ged on 21 March 2011.
Events
| Birth | Abt 1353 | Etchingham, Sussex, England | |||
| Death | 19 Feb 1414 | Canterbury, Kent, England | |||
| Reference No | 1225579 | ||||
| Reference No | 1248440 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Father | Richard FitzAlan (1306 - 1376) |
| Mother | Eleanor Plantagenet (1318 - 1372) |
| Sibling | Mary Isabel FitzAlan (1322 - 1396) |
| Sibling | Henry Beaumont (1340 - 1369) |
| Sibling | Aline FitzAlan (1340 - 1350) |
| Sibling | John Beaumont (1341 - ) |
| Sibling | Maud Beaumont (1342 - ) |
| Sibling | Margaret Beaumont (1342 - ) |
| Sibling | Joan FitzAlan (1345 - 1419) |
| Sibling | Richard FitzAlan KG (1346 - 1397) |
| Sibling | John FitzAlan (1348 - 1379) |
| Sibling | Alice FitzAlan LG (1352 - 1415) |
| Sibling | Thomas FitzAlan (1352 - 1414) |
| Sibling | Eleanor FitzAlan (1354 - 1376) |
| Sibling | Margaret Fitzalan (1360 - 1420) |