Individual Details
Sir Roger "De Rydal" Lancaster
(Abt 1200 - Bef 22 Feb 1291)
}
== Biography ==Roger was an illegitimate son of Gilbert by an unknown mistress. (He was literally referred to in the Coucher Book of Furness Abbey as a bastard.Examples in charters [https://archive.org/stream/coucherbookfurn01atkigoog#page/n104/mode/2up here] and [https://archive.org/stream/coucherbookfurn01atkigoog#page/n138/mode/2up here]) His half-brother William de Lancaster III was heir to the Barony of Kendal, through his mother, Hawise de Lancaster, the daughter of William de Lancaster II. (Ragg found it ironic that Roger used the Lancaster surname, but suggested that Roger's mother may have been "the basedaughter of William de Stutevil" mentioned in a record of 1212.)[http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1910/vol10/tcwaas_002_1910_vol10_0024.pdf F. W. Ragg (1910)], "De Lancaster", Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society: 395–493)
Roger married Philippa, eldest daughter and co-heir of Hugh de Bolebeck, of co. Northumberland.
An effigy of either Roger (or possibly his son John) can be found at the Medieval Combat Society website.http://www.themcs.org/churches/Stansted%20Mountfitchet%20St%20Marys.html
While his brother was still alive, Roger was enfeoffed under him of Patterdale and Martindale which are between Rydal and Sockbridge (all of which are parts of the very large old parish of Barton).
Upon his death bed William granted his brother Roger de Lancastre as follows:Lancashire Inquests, Extents [http://archive.org/stream/lancashireinque01farrgoog#page/n198/mode/2up p.166]*200 acres of land of his demesne in Patterdale worth 4l. yearly, and of one Mill worth 60s., and of herbage and pannage worth 14s. yearly, and of the farm of free tenants to the value of 18s. 10d.*The said Roger has the service of [[Lancaster-2040|Gilbert de Lancastre]], who holds by knight's service by the tenth part of one knight's fee.This is clearly Gilbert who held Sockbridge and Hartsop, or his son of the same name.*And the service of [[Lancaster-2058|Walter de Lancastre]], who holds by knight's service, by the tenth part of one knight's fee. [The Testa de Nevill of 1235 shows that Walter also held a 20th within Kendal, apparently in that case not under William III.]*Also the said Roger de Lancastre of the whole forest of Westmorland, except Fusedale and Swartfell, and the head of Martindale, which the said Roger held before of ancient feoffment. [The ancient enfeoffment is reproduced by Ragg. This shows that he held these not in chief, but as an under-tenant.]
Although he did not inherit the Barony of Kendal or any major part of it, he attained important positions after his brother passed away, regaining some importance for the family.
From various entries in the Patent Rolls (references given), we know that:*In 1263 (HIII Vol.5 p.358) and 1264 (p.374) Roger was one of the magnates called keepers of the counties, summoned first by the king, and then by Simon de Montfort in the king's name, to bring aid and council. But he was also apparently one who resisted going. The king was said to be much moved (p.364). These councils were the first stirrings of the parliamentary tradition. *From 1265, after Henry III was returned to power, Roger was quickly made both Sheriff of Lancaster (p.455), keeper of his demesnes there (p.464), and Keeper of the King’s Forests North of the Trent (p.471) with his own licence to hunt there, the latter post apparently being one he held for a long time. Being Sheriff lasted 2 years. It even appears that Henry III had “committed” the county of Lancaster to Roger for life (p.507), only to have to reverse his decision a little later when he gave it to his son Edmund Crouchback instead (p.257).Edmund became the first Earl of Lancaster and is the source of the title to Lancaster which the Royal family afterwards held - most famously in the "House of Lancaster".*In 1270 Roger's forest keeper job led to complaints from King Alexander III of Scotland, son-in-law of Henry III, and holder of lands in Penrith (Vol.6 p.585).
Roger also married well, to Phillipa de Bolebec which gave him titles in Northumberland, Essex, and Cambridgeshire. These passed on to their heir John de Lancaster.
Rydal was a small part of the Barony of Kendal which he held in chief from the King, meaning it became one of the last such possessions to be held by Lancasters in coming generations. It came from Margaret de Brus, the widow of Robert de Ros of Wark, and an heiress to some of the possessions of William de Lancaster III, the last Baron of Kendal. He held it direct from the king. In an agreement WD RY/BOX 92/26 of 1277 bounds were set in Rydal as follows::from the highest part of his park of Rydal towards "Rogerloge" following the right bounds between Rydal and Scandale, ... the same towards "le Crag in le Grencove", ... from the water of "Bouthmer" to "le Lancridge" and enclosing half of "le Lancridge" to "le Cleringe" between Rydal and Grasmere, with Margaret de Ros enclosing the other half [of Lancridge]
(This seems to indicate that he had a lodge in the fells.)
From Margaret he also received a charter in her share of Ambleside and Loughrigg, to be held by him and his heirs as Piers de Brus, brother of the said Margaret, as William de Lancaster, her uncle, held the same, and for this grant the King took his homage.Patent Rolls cited by CP
Similarly he was enfeoffed in Furness lands under Marmaduke de Thweng and Walter de Fauconberg, and their two wives, who were also co-heirs and nieces of Roger's brother. This included Ulverston.Furness Coucher https://archive.org/stream/coucherbookfurn01atkigoog#page/n138/mode/2up
After his death, he was recorded as having possessed:'Inquisitions Post Mortem, Edward I, File 60', in Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Volume 2, Edward I, ed. J E E S Sharp (London, 1906), pp. 498-507. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/inquis-post-mortem/vol2/pp498-507 [accessed 2 June 2016].*Barton. The manor with garden, held [of the king in chief] by service of 1/20 knight's fee.*Rydul [Rydal]. A dale held also of the king in chief by service of ¼ knight's fee.*Werrslak [Witherslack]. The manor, held of the heirs of William de Lyndeley by service of 2d.*Barton. 200a. arable held of the same heirs by service of a sparrowhawk;
*Barton. 165a. arable held of the Lady de Ros, and ... a. meadow; *Barton and Pulhou [Pooley] tenants rendering 49s. 7d., a water-mill and fulling-mill, and a park worth 20s. yearly; *Barton. four dales viz.—Martindale, Wamewydale [which Ragg interprets as Bannerdale, though this is different from the spellings in other medieval charters], Crisdale [Grisdale] and Clencon [Glencoyne], worth 30l., [It is noteworthy that these are not listed as part of Patterdale in this case.]*2 little mills, tenants rendering 50s. yearly, and perquisites, herbage and pannage worth 40s.; all held of the Lady de Ros by service of a sparrowhawk, and there are free tenants rendering 5s. yearly.*He held nothing in the county of his own inheritance or of that of Philippa his wife.
*John de Lancastre his son, aged 25, is his next heir.
It is notable that his dales do not include Hartsop, possessed (as William de Lancaster III's grant to Roger makes clear) by Sir Gilbert de Lancaster (of Sockbridge), but of all the eastern Barton dales the only ones not mentioned as specifically possessed by a Lancaster are Glenridding or Deepdale. In later generations these were in the hands of the Howgill Lancasters who descend from Walter de Lancastre. Glenridding eventually seems to have come into the hands of the Threlkelds by the 1500s.
According to Complete Peerage VII (pp.371-4)::He m., before 23 Oct. 1262, when she was stated to be aged 23 and more, Philippe, eld. da. and coh. of Sir Hugh de Bolbec, by his wife Tiphaine, and grandda. of another Hugh de Bolbec, by his wife Margery, elder sister and coh. of Richard de Munfichet.(e-373) The King took his homage for his wife's share of the Bolebec inheritance 6 Mar. 1262/3.(f-373) In 1274, after the death of Joyce, widow of Richard de Munfichet, her dower lands fell to the coheirs, and on the death, s.p., of Aveline, Countess of Lancaster, granddaughter of Aveline, Countess of Aumale, her share of that inheritance also passed to the coheirs in 1275.(g-373)
:He d. before 22 Feb. 1290/1, when his lands were taken into the King's hand.(h-373) His widow had livery 1 Mar. 1290/1 of the manors of Stanstead and Ham, co. Essex, as her purparty of the Munfichet inheritance, and of her whole inheritance 18 Apr. 1291, the King having taken her homage,(a-374) and she was dowered 2 May 1291 in the manor of Witherslack, co. Westmorland and lands in Northumberland.(b-374) She d. before 1 Sep. 1294.(c-394)
Concerning children 3 are fairly clear:
*John, his heir.
*Roger, mentioned in documents of John as his brother.*William, mentioned in correspondence of the time as the son of the nobleman Lord Roger de Lancaster. He was involved in a dispute about assigning an archdeacon in Beetham.https://books.google.be/books?lr=&id=lMIKAAAAYAAJ&pg=253 Beetham would have been a place where the family of Gilbert fitz Reinfrid had an interest.'Beetham', in Records Relating To the Barony of Kendale: Volume 2, ed. William Farrer and John F Curwen (Kendal, 1924), pp. 211-238. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/kendale-barony/vol2/pp211-238 [accessed 2 June 2016]. But the National Archives transcribe him as being of Doncaster, not Lancaster.http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9683023
==Confusions==There were several people named Roger de Lancaster in this period and around the city of Lancaster the surname Lancaster was starting to be used by various families with no apparent connection to the nobility.
Concerning another particular confusion, Wikipedia points out: :"Roger is widely thought to be the ancestor of the Lancasters of Howgill and Rydal in Westmorland. (In fact the line starts with one John de Lancaster of Howgill, whose connection to Roger de Lancaster and his son, John de Lancaster of Grisedale and Stanstead, is unclear except for the fact that he took over Rydal and Grasmere from the latter John."http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Lancaster_I citing Lancaster, Andrew (2007), "The de Lancasters of Westmorland: Lesser-Known Branches, and the Origin of the de Lancasters of Howgill" (PDF), Foundations: Journal of the Foundation of Medieval Genealogy 2 (4)
Farrer and Curwen in their article about Witherslack, refer to a Patent Rolls entry made generations later,[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031081113?urlappend=%3Bseq=434 Cal. Pat. R. 1374 p. 422].'Witherslack, Meathop and Ulpha', in Records Relating To the Barony of Kendale: Volume 2, ed. William Farrer and John F Curwen (Kendal, 1924), pp. 247-265. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/kendale-barony/vol2/pp247-265 [accessed 2 June 2016]. It apparently shows Roger and his brother alive as adults in the time of Henry III, which makes sense. But if so, the text is unusual in that it can perhaps be read to call Gilbert fitz Reinfrid, Gilbert de Lancastre (depending on how the Latin is). Their descendants, or whoever transcribed their explanations, may have confused William de Lancaster I and William de Lancaster III, his great grandson. (Both of them had fathers named Gilbert.)
Another question raised by the above-mentioned Farrer and Curwen article is, that they suggest, without naming any source, that "Gilbert Fitz-Reinfrid probably enfeoffed his natural son, Roger de Lancaster, of Witherslack shortly before 1220". As Charles Cawley has pointed out to Andrew Lancaster (personal correspondence) this date is problematic, because Roger lived until 1291. (But apart from this one comment, most references to him start much later, as if he were born quite late in his father's life.)
== Sources ==
*Much of the above was at one point worked on by [[Lancaster-1279|Andrew Lancaster]] based upon his own previous work on his [http://users.skynet.be/lancaster/De%20Lancasters%20of%20Westmorland.html webpage about this family]. (Earlier versions were largely cut and paste from Complete Peerage...
*Complete Peerage VII, p.371ff. [https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3998193 Familysearch]
*A history of Rydal with extensive discussion of primary documents: https://archive.org/stream/rydaleditedbywil00armiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up
*FHM Parker (1906) Inglewood Forest, TCWAAS, [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1906/vol6/tcwaas_002_1906_vol6_0012.pdf]. Contains detailed information about Roger and his office as forester.
*RE Porter (1934) Two Charters at Rydal Hall, TCWAAS [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1934/vol34/tcwaas_002_1934_vol34_0021.pdf]. Two of the grants made by the Lancaster heiresses to Roger.
*WG Collingwood (1930) The medieval fence of Rydal and other linear earthworks, TCWAAS [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1930/vol30/tcwaas_002_1930_vol30_0003.pdf]. An archaeological look into a land dispute Roger had.
* Farrer, William. ''Final Concords of the County of Lancaster'', [[Space:The Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire|The Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire]] (printed for The Record Society. 1899 [https://archive.org/stream/recordsocietyfor39reco#page/n220/mode/1up Internet Archive]:
* Farrer, William & Brownbill, J. ''[[Space:The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster|The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster]]'' (Archibald Constable and Co. Limited, London, 1906) [https://archive.org/stream/victoriahistoryo01farruoft#page/365/mode/1up Vol. 1, Page 365]
== Biography ==Roger was an illegitimate son of Gilbert by an unknown mistress. (He was literally referred to in the Coucher Book of Furness Abbey as a bastard.Examples in charters [https://archive.org/stream/coucherbookfurn01atkigoog#page/n104/mode/2up here] and [https://archive.org/stream/coucherbookfurn01atkigoog#page/n138/mode/2up here]) His half-brother William de Lancaster III was heir to the Barony of Kendal, through his mother, Hawise de Lancaster, the daughter of William de Lancaster II. (Ragg found it ironic that Roger used the Lancaster surname, but suggested that Roger's mother may have been "the basedaughter of William de Stutevil" mentioned in a record of 1212.)[http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1910/vol10/tcwaas_002_1910_vol10_0024.pdf F. W. Ragg (1910)], "De Lancaster", Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society: 395–493)
Roger married Philippa, eldest daughter and co-heir of Hugh de Bolebeck, of co. Northumberland.
An effigy of either Roger (or possibly his son John) can be found at the Medieval Combat Society website.http://www.themcs.org/churches/Stansted%20Mountfitchet%20St%20Marys.html
While his brother was still alive, Roger was enfeoffed under him of Patterdale and Martindale which are between Rydal and Sockbridge (all of which are parts of the very large old parish of Barton).
Upon his death bed William granted his brother Roger de Lancastre as follows:Lancashire Inquests, Extents [http://archive.org/stream/lancashireinque01farrgoog#page/n198/mode/2up p.166]*200 acres of land of his demesne in Patterdale worth 4l. yearly, and of one Mill worth 60s., and of herbage and pannage worth 14s. yearly, and of the farm of free tenants to the value of 18s. 10d.*The said Roger has the service of [[Lancaster-2040|Gilbert de Lancastre]], who holds by knight's service by the tenth part of one knight's fee.This is clearly Gilbert who held Sockbridge and Hartsop, or his son of the same name.*And the service of [[Lancaster-2058|Walter de Lancastre]], who holds by knight's service, by the tenth part of one knight's fee. [The Testa de Nevill of 1235 shows that Walter also held a 20th within Kendal, apparently in that case not under William III.]*Also the said Roger de Lancastre of the whole forest of Westmorland, except Fusedale and Swartfell, and the head of Martindale, which the said Roger held before of ancient feoffment. [The ancient enfeoffment is reproduced by Ragg. This shows that he held these not in chief, but as an under-tenant.]
Although he did not inherit the Barony of Kendal or any major part of it, he attained important positions after his brother passed away, regaining some importance for the family.
From various entries in the Patent Rolls (references given), we know that:*In 1263 (HIII Vol.5 p.358) and 1264 (p.374) Roger was one of the magnates called keepers of the counties, summoned first by the king, and then by Simon de Montfort in the king's name, to bring aid and council. But he was also apparently one who resisted going. The king was said to be much moved (p.364). These councils were the first stirrings of the parliamentary tradition. *From 1265, after Henry III was returned to power, Roger was quickly made both Sheriff of Lancaster (p.455), keeper of his demesnes there (p.464), and Keeper of the King’s Forests North of the Trent (p.471) with his own licence to hunt there, the latter post apparently being one he held for a long time. Being Sheriff lasted 2 years. It even appears that Henry III had “committed” the county of Lancaster to Roger for life (p.507), only to have to reverse his decision a little later when he gave it to his son Edmund Crouchback instead (p.257).Edmund became the first Earl of Lancaster and is the source of the title to Lancaster which the Royal family afterwards held - most famously in the "House of Lancaster".*In 1270 Roger's forest keeper job led to complaints from King Alexander III of Scotland, son-in-law of Henry III, and holder of lands in Penrith (Vol.6 p.585).
Roger also married well, to Phillipa de Bolebec which gave him titles in Northumberland, Essex, and Cambridgeshire. These passed on to their heir John de Lancaster.
Rydal was a small part of the Barony of Kendal which he held in chief from the King, meaning it became one of the last such possessions to be held by Lancasters in coming generations. It came from Margaret de Brus, the widow of Robert de Ros of Wark, and an heiress to some of the possessions of William de Lancaster III, the last Baron of Kendal. He held it direct from the king. In an agreement WD RY/BOX 92/26 of 1277 bounds were set in Rydal as follows::from the highest part of his park of Rydal towards "Rogerloge" following the right bounds between Rydal and Scandale, ... the same towards "le Crag in le Grencove", ... from the water of "Bouthmer" to "le Lancridge" and enclosing half of "le Lancridge" to "le Cleringe" between Rydal and Grasmere, with Margaret de Ros enclosing the other half [of Lancridge]
(This seems to indicate that he had a lodge in the fells.)
From Margaret he also received a charter in her share of Ambleside and Loughrigg, to be held by him and his heirs as Piers de Brus, brother of the said Margaret, as William de Lancaster, her uncle, held the same, and for this grant the King took his homage.Patent Rolls cited by CP
Similarly he was enfeoffed in Furness lands under Marmaduke de Thweng and Walter de Fauconberg, and their two wives, who were also co-heirs and nieces of Roger's brother. This included Ulverston.Furness Coucher https://archive.org/stream/coucherbookfurn01atkigoog#page/n138/mode/2up
After his death, he was recorded as having possessed:'Inquisitions Post Mortem, Edward I, File 60', in Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Volume 2, Edward I, ed. J E E S Sharp (London, 1906), pp. 498-507. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/inquis-post-mortem/vol2/pp498-507 [accessed 2 June 2016].*Barton. The manor with garden, held [of the king in chief] by service of 1/20 knight's fee.*Rydul [Rydal]. A dale held also of the king in chief by service of ¼ knight's fee.*Werrslak [Witherslack]. The manor, held of the heirs of William de Lyndeley by service of 2d.*Barton. 200a. arable held of the same heirs by service of a sparrowhawk;
*Barton. 165a. arable held of the Lady de Ros, and ... a. meadow; *Barton and Pulhou [Pooley] tenants rendering 49s. 7d., a water-mill and fulling-mill, and a park worth 20s. yearly; *Barton. four dales viz.—Martindale, Wamewydale [which Ragg interprets as Bannerdale, though this is different from the spellings in other medieval charters], Crisdale [Grisdale] and Clencon [Glencoyne], worth 30l., [It is noteworthy that these are not listed as part of Patterdale in this case.]*2 little mills, tenants rendering 50s. yearly, and perquisites, herbage and pannage worth 40s.; all held of the Lady de Ros by service of a sparrowhawk, and there are free tenants rendering 5s. yearly.*He held nothing in the county of his own inheritance or of that of Philippa his wife.
*John de Lancastre his son, aged 25, is his next heir.
It is notable that his dales do not include Hartsop, possessed (as William de Lancaster III's grant to Roger makes clear) by Sir Gilbert de Lancaster (of Sockbridge), but of all the eastern Barton dales the only ones not mentioned as specifically possessed by a Lancaster are Glenridding or Deepdale. In later generations these were in the hands of the Howgill Lancasters who descend from Walter de Lancastre. Glenridding eventually seems to have come into the hands of the Threlkelds by the 1500s.
According to Complete Peerage VII (pp.371-4)::He m., before 23 Oct. 1262, when she was stated to be aged 23 and more, Philippe, eld. da. and coh. of Sir Hugh de Bolbec, by his wife Tiphaine, and grandda. of another Hugh de Bolbec, by his wife Margery, elder sister and coh. of Richard de Munfichet.(e-373) The King took his homage for his wife's share of the Bolebec inheritance 6 Mar. 1262/3.(f-373) In 1274, after the death of Joyce, widow of Richard de Munfichet, her dower lands fell to the coheirs, and on the death, s.p., of Aveline, Countess of Lancaster, granddaughter of Aveline, Countess of Aumale, her share of that inheritance also passed to the coheirs in 1275.(g-373)
:He d. before 22 Feb. 1290/1, when his lands were taken into the King's hand.(h-373) His widow had livery 1 Mar. 1290/1 of the manors of Stanstead and Ham, co. Essex, as her purparty of the Munfichet inheritance, and of her whole inheritance 18 Apr. 1291, the King having taken her homage,(a-374) and she was dowered 2 May 1291 in the manor of Witherslack, co. Westmorland and lands in Northumberland.(b-374) She d. before 1 Sep. 1294.(c-394)
Concerning children 3 are fairly clear:
*John, his heir.
*Roger, mentioned in documents of John as his brother.*William, mentioned in correspondence of the time as the son of the nobleman Lord Roger de Lancaster. He was involved in a dispute about assigning an archdeacon in Beetham.https://books.google.be/books?lr=&id=lMIKAAAAYAAJ&pg=253 Beetham would have been a place where the family of Gilbert fitz Reinfrid had an interest.'Beetham', in Records Relating To the Barony of Kendale: Volume 2, ed. William Farrer and John F Curwen (Kendal, 1924), pp. 211-238. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/kendale-barony/vol2/pp211-238 [accessed 2 June 2016]. But the National Archives transcribe him as being of Doncaster, not Lancaster.http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9683023
==Confusions==There were several people named Roger de Lancaster in this period and around the city of Lancaster the surname Lancaster was starting to be used by various families with no apparent connection to the nobility.
Concerning another particular confusion, Wikipedia points out: :"Roger is widely thought to be the ancestor of the Lancasters of Howgill and Rydal in Westmorland. (In fact the line starts with one John de Lancaster of Howgill, whose connection to Roger de Lancaster and his son, John de Lancaster of Grisedale and Stanstead, is unclear except for the fact that he took over Rydal and Grasmere from the latter John."http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Lancaster_I citing Lancaster, Andrew (2007), "The de Lancasters of Westmorland: Lesser-Known Branches, and the Origin of the de Lancasters of Howgill" (PDF), Foundations: Journal of the Foundation of Medieval Genealogy 2 (4)
Farrer and Curwen in their article about Witherslack, refer to a Patent Rolls entry made generations later,[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031081113?urlappend=%3Bseq=434 Cal. Pat. R. 1374 p. 422].'Witherslack, Meathop and Ulpha', in Records Relating To the Barony of Kendale: Volume 2, ed. William Farrer and John F Curwen (Kendal, 1924), pp. 247-265. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/kendale-barony/vol2/pp247-265 [accessed 2 June 2016]. It apparently shows Roger and his brother alive as adults in the time of Henry III, which makes sense. But if so, the text is unusual in that it can perhaps be read to call Gilbert fitz Reinfrid, Gilbert de Lancastre (depending on how the Latin is). Their descendants, or whoever transcribed their explanations, may have confused William de Lancaster I and William de Lancaster III, his great grandson. (Both of them had fathers named Gilbert.)
Another question raised by the above-mentioned Farrer and Curwen article is, that they suggest, without naming any source, that "Gilbert Fitz-Reinfrid probably enfeoffed his natural son, Roger de Lancaster, of Witherslack shortly before 1220". As Charles Cawley has pointed out to Andrew Lancaster (personal correspondence) this date is problematic, because Roger lived until 1291. (But apart from this one comment, most references to him start much later, as if he were born quite late in his father's life.)
== Sources ==
*Much of the above was at one point worked on by [[Lancaster-1279|Andrew Lancaster]] based upon his own previous work on his [http://users.skynet.be/lancaster/De%20Lancasters%20of%20Westmorland.html webpage about this family]. (Earlier versions were largely cut and paste from Complete Peerage...
*Complete Peerage VII, p.371ff. [https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3998193 Familysearch]
*A history of Rydal with extensive discussion of primary documents: https://archive.org/stream/rydaleditedbywil00armiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up
*FHM Parker (1906) Inglewood Forest, TCWAAS, [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1906/vol6/tcwaas_002_1906_vol6_0012.pdf]. Contains detailed information about Roger and his office as forester.
*RE Porter (1934) Two Charters at Rydal Hall, TCWAAS [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1934/vol34/tcwaas_002_1934_vol34_0021.pdf]. Two of the grants made by the Lancaster heiresses to Roger.
*WG Collingwood (1930) The medieval fence of Rydal and other linear earthworks, TCWAAS [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2055-1/dissemination/pdf/Article_Level_Pdf/tcwaas/002/1930/vol30/tcwaas_002_1930_vol30_0003.pdf]. An archaeological look into a land dispute Roger had.
* Farrer, William. ''Final Concords of the County of Lancaster'', [[Space:The Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire|The Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire]] (printed for The Record Society. 1899 [https://archive.org/stream/recordsocietyfor39reco#page/n220/mode/1up Internet Archive]:
* Farrer, William & Brownbill, J. ''[[Space:The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster|The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster]]'' (Archibald Constable and Co. Limited, London, 1906) [https://archive.org/stream/victoriahistoryo01farruoft#page/365/mode/1up Vol. 1, Page 365]
Events
| Birth | Abt 1200 | Barton, Westmorland, England | |||
| Death | Bef 22 Feb 1291 | Stanstead, Suffolk, England | |||
| Reference No | 222391 | ||||
| Reference No | 237872 | ||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Father | Gilbert "Lord of Kendal" FitzReinfrid (1157 - 1220) |