Individual Details
Sir Roger "4th Earl of Norfolk" Bigod
(Abt 1144 - 1221)
[[Category: House of Bigod]]
[[Category: Earls of Norfolk]]
}
==Biography==
===Family===
"The Bigods were a major East Anglian landowning family, based at Framlingham (Suffolk), who had held the earldom of Norfolk since its grant to Hugh Bigod in 1140 or 1141. Roger (c. 1143-1221) was the only son of this Hugh by his first wife, Juliana, sister of Aubrey de Vere, earl of Oxford. Professor Nigel Saul and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
===Birth and Parentage===
"Bigod, Roger (d 1221), SECOND EARL OF NORFOLK, was son of Hugh, first earl . The Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 5, p. 24, by Sir Sidney Lee, publ. 1885
He was born before 1140. Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2013, Volume I, pp. 362-264
===Name and Titles===
:Roger le Bigod, Knt
:4th Earl of Norfolk
:Hereditary Steward of the Household
:Privy Councillor
:Keeper of Hertford Castle, 1191
:Judge in the King's Court, 1195, 1196, 1199, 1202
:Chief Judge in the KIng's Court, 1197
:Warden of Romford Forest, 1200:son and heir of Hugh le Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, by his first wife, Juliane, daughter of Aubrey de Vere
===Lands===
:Great Addington and Drayton, Northamptonshire
:Hedingham, Essex
===1176 Inheritance Dispute===
"Roger’s father had left him a tangled inheritance. He had repudiated his son’s mother and had subsequently married Gundreda, daughter of Roger, earl of Warwick, by whom he had two more sons, Hugh and William, for whom their mother, after their father’s death in 1176 or 1177, sought to make provision out of the family inheritance at their elder half-brother’s expense. Henry II, savouring the opportunity to gain his revenge on Hugh for his involvement in the rebellion against him in 1173-4, deliberately left the case unresolved, refused to allow the son to succeed to the father’s earldom, and confiscated the lands in dispute between the heir and the half-blood.
On the death of his father in 1176, he and his stepmother, Gundreda, appealed to the king on a dispute touching the inheritance, the countess pressing the claims of her own son. Henry thereupon seized the treasures of Earl Hugh into his own hands, and it seems that during the remainder of this reign Roger had small power, even if his succession was allowed. His position, however, was not entirely overlooked. He appears as a witness to Henry's award between the kings of Navarre and Castile on 16 March 1177, and in 1186 he did his feudal service as steward in the court held at Guildford.
===1181 Marriage===
About Christmas 1181 he married Ida de Tony. Prior to marriage, Ida was a mistress of King Henry II of England, by whom she was the mother of William Longespee, Knight, Earl of Salisbury.
===1189 Restoration to Favor===
"On Richard's succession to the throne, 3 Sept. 1189, Bigod was taken into favour. By charter of 27 Nov. the new king confirmed him in all his honours, in the earldom of Norfolk, and in the stewardship of the royal household, as freely as Roger, his grandfather, and Hugh, his father, had held it. He was next appointed one of the ambassadors to Philip of France to arrange for the crusade, and during Richard's absence from England on that expedition he supported the king's authority against the designs of Prince John. On the pacification of the quarrel between the prince and the chancellor, William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, on 28 July 1191, Bigod was put into possession of the castle of Hereford, one of the strongholds surrendered by John, and was one of the chancellor's sureties in the agreement. In April 1193 he was summoned with certain other barons and prelates to attend the chancellor into Germany, where negotiations were being carried on to effect Richard's release from captivity; and in 1194, after the surrender of Nottingham to the king, he was present in that city at the great council held on 30 March. At Richard's re-coronation, 17 April, he assisted in bearing the canopy. In July or August of the same year he appears as one of the commissioners sent to York to settle a quarrel between the archbishop and the canons."
Roger was only able to vindicate his rights on Richard I’s accession in 1189, when the earldom was granted to him on payment of the relatively low relief of one thousand marks (£666).
"After Richard's return home, Bigod's name is found on the records as a justiciar, fines being levied before him in the fifth year of that king's reign, and from the seventh onwards. He also appears as a justice itinerant in Norfolk.
"Thereafter Roger enjoyed a long and honourable career in royal service. He served Richard as a justice in eyre (i.e. itinerant judge) and as a baron of the exchequer.
After Richard's death, Bigod succeeded in gaining John's favour, and in the first years of his reign continued to act as a judge. In October 1200 he was one of the envoys sent to summon William of Scotland to do homage at Lincoln, and was a witness at the ceremony on 22 Nov. following;
In John’s reign he took part in the defence of Normandy, and after 1206 served on campaigns in Poitou and within the British Isles.
===1213 Disgrace and Restoration===
At a later period he appears to have fallen into disgrace, and was imprisoned in 1213. In the course of the same year, however, he was released and apparently restored to favour, as he accompanied the king to Poitou in February 1214, and about the same time compounded by a fine of 2,000 marks for the service of 120 knights and all arrears of scutages.
===1215 Magna Carta===
In 1215, however, he went over to the opposition, joining the rebel barons in their muster at Stamford. In part, his involvement on the rebel arose in response to the financial pressures exerted on him by the king. The scutage – money due in lieu of personal military service �� that the earl owed from his many estates was so substantial that in 1211 he was driven to striking a deal with the exchequer to pay 2000 marks (£1333) for respite during his lifetime from demands for arrears and for liability to a reduced sum in future. Roger had various other grievances against the king. One at least related to litigation. In 1207, when a legal action had been brought against him in the royal courts, he objected to the chosen jurors on grounds of their likely bias, but his arguments had been ignored by the king, who ordered the case to proceed.
"Roger was joined in his rebellion by his son and heir Hugh, who was already of full age, and the two stood in the forefront of the opposition in East Anglia. In March 1216 the king succeeded in taking the family’s main castle at Framlingham and put pressure on the earl by pardoning those of his followers whom he captured, while condemning those who refused to submit to forfeiture of their lands. Roger and Hugh did not return to their allegiance until after the general peace settlement agreed with Henry III’s Minority government at Kingston-on-Thames in September 1217. By April of the following year the earl had received back all his lands and titles, but, by now over 70, he was in semi-retirement and he died three years later in 1221.
Next year he joined the confederate barons in the movement which resulted in the grant of Magna Charta on 15 June 1215, and was one of the twenty-five executors, or trustees, of its provisions. He was consequently included in the sentence of excommunication which Innocent III soon afterwards declared against the king's opponents, and his lands were cruelly harried by John's troops in their incursions into the eastern counties."
===1221 Restoration and Death===
"After the accession of Henry III, Bigod returned to his allegiance, and his hereditary right to the stewardship of the royal household was finally recognised at the council of Oxford on 1 May 1221.
But before the following August he died. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh, as third earl, who, however, survived him only four years."
He died three years later in 1221. He was succeeded as earl by his son, another of the Twenty Five, who in 1206 or 1207 had married Matilda, daughter of the future Regent, William Marshal, earl of Pembroke. The son died in February 1225.
Sir Roger le Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, died in 1221, before 2 August.
==Issue==
Roger le Bigod and Ida de Tony had five sons and three daughters:
#[[Bigod-1|Hugh]] (5th Earl of Norfolk)
#[[Bigod-34|William]]
#[[Bigod-39|Roger]]
#John
#[[Bigod-26|Ralph]]
#[[Bigod-8|Mary]]
#[[Bigod-40|Margaret]]
#Ida
The following persons have been previously included as children of Roger le Bigod here but are not verified by Richardson and are therefore no longer linked, pending establishment of documentation that they are in fact children of Roger le Bigod.
#[[Bigod-35|Thomas]]
#[[Bigod-36|Alice/Adeliza]]
#[[Bigod-313|Unknown Bigod married Basset]]
==Framlingham Castle==
"Framlingham castle, as we see it today, is largely the product of a rebuilding carried out by Earl Roger in Richard the Lionheart’s reign, following the partial demolition of the fabric by Henry II in 1174. It consists of a cluster of baileys set on a low eminence above a flooded mere. The inner bailey, which constituted its central space, was innovative in taking the form of an irregular-shaped curtain wall punctuated at intervals by open-backed towers, dispensing great tower or keep customary in Norman castles."
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Bigod-2_Descendants Bigod-2 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
*Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 362-364
*Magna Carta Ancestry 2nd ed. Vol. I p. 197-200
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bigod,_2nd_Earl_of_Norfolk
: See also:* ''The Dictionary of National Biography'', Vol. 5, p. 24, by Sir Sidney Lee, publ. 1886 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Hi0JAAAAIAAJ&q=Bigod#v=snippet&q=Bigod&f=false]* ''Medieval Lands'', database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), English Earls 1067-1122, Chapter 5, Norfolk, B. EARLS of NORFOLK 1142-1306 (BIGOD): Hugh Bigod [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#HughBigodNorfolkdied1225A 1. Roger Bigod, son of Hugh Bigod]* Richardson, ''[http://www.royalancestry.net/ Magna Carta Ancestry]'', (2011), Douglas Richardson, ''[http://amzn.com/1461045207 Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families]'', Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), volume I, page 197 - 199, Roger le Bigod, #1.* Morris, Marc: ''The Bigod Earls of Norfolk in the Thirteenth Century'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=UqbcpEEbpi8C&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books].
== Acknowledgements ==This page has been edited according to [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted January 2014. Descriptions of imported gedcoms for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}}
[[Category: Earls of Norfolk]]
}
==Biography==
===Family===
"The Bigods were a major East Anglian landowning family, based at Framlingham (Suffolk), who had held the earldom of Norfolk since its grant to Hugh Bigod in 1140 or 1141. Roger (c. 1143-1221) was the only son of this Hugh by his first wife, Juliana, sister of Aubrey de Vere, earl of Oxford. Professor Nigel Saul and the [http://magnacarta800th.com/ Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Committee]
===Birth and Parentage===
"Bigod, Roger (d 1221), SECOND EARL OF NORFOLK, was son of Hugh, first earl . The Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 5, p. 24, by Sir Sidney Lee, publ. 1885
He was born before 1140. Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2013, Volume I, pp. 362-264
===Name and Titles===
:Roger le Bigod, Knt
:4th Earl of Norfolk
:Hereditary Steward of the Household
:Privy Councillor
:Keeper of Hertford Castle, 1191
:Judge in the King's Court, 1195, 1196, 1199, 1202
:Chief Judge in the KIng's Court, 1197
:Warden of Romford Forest, 1200:son and heir of Hugh le Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, by his first wife, Juliane, daughter of Aubrey de Vere
===Lands===
:Great Addington and Drayton, Northamptonshire
:Hedingham, Essex
===1176 Inheritance Dispute===
"Roger’s father had left him a tangled inheritance. He had repudiated his son’s mother and had subsequently married Gundreda, daughter of Roger, earl of Warwick, by whom he had two more sons, Hugh and William, for whom their mother, after their father’s death in 1176 or 1177, sought to make provision out of the family inheritance at their elder half-brother’s expense. Henry II, savouring the opportunity to gain his revenge on Hugh for his involvement in the rebellion against him in 1173-4, deliberately left the case unresolved, refused to allow the son to succeed to the father’s earldom, and confiscated the lands in dispute between the heir and the half-blood.
On the death of his father in 1176, he and his stepmother, Gundreda, appealed to the king on a dispute touching the inheritance, the countess pressing the claims of her own son. Henry thereupon seized the treasures of Earl Hugh into his own hands, and it seems that during the remainder of this reign Roger had small power, even if his succession was allowed. His position, however, was not entirely overlooked. He appears as a witness to Henry's award between the kings of Navarre and Castile on 16 March 1177, and in 1186 he did his feudal service as steward in the court held at Guildford.
===1181 Marriage===
About Christmas 1181 he married Ida de Tony. Prior to marriage, Ida was a mistress of King Henry II of England, by whom she was the mother of William Longespee, Knight, Earl of Salisbury.
===1189 Restoration to Favor===
"On Richard's succession to the throne, 3 Sept. 1189, Bigod was taken into favour. By charter of 27 Nov. the new king confirmed him in all his honours, in the earldom of Norfolk, and in the stewardship of the royal household, as freely as Roger, his grandfather, and Hugh, his father, had held it. He was next appointed one of the ambassadors to Philip of France to arrange for the crusade, and during Richard's absence from England on that expedition he supported the king's authority against the designs of Prince John. On the pacification of the quarrel between the prince and the chancellor, William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, on 28 July 1191, Bigod was put into possession of the castle of Hereford, one of the strongholds surrendered by John, and was one of the chancellor's sureties in the agreement. In April 1193 he was summoned with certain other barons and prelates to attend the chancellor into Germany, where negotiations were being carried on to effect Richard's release from captivity; and in 1194, after the surrender of Nottingham to the king, he was present in that city at the great council held on 30 March. At Richard's re-coronation, 17 April, he assisted in bearing the canopy. In July or August of the same year he appears as one of the commissioners sent to York to settle a quarrel between the archbishop and the canons."
Roger was only able to vindicate his rights on Richard I’s accession in 1189, when the earldom was granted to him on payment of the relatively low relief of one thousand marks (£666).
"After Richard's return home, Bigod's name is found on the records as a justiciar, fines being levied before him in the fifth year of that king's reign, and from the seventh onwards. He also appears as a justice itinerant in Norfolk.
"Thereafter Roger enjoyed a long and honourable career in royal service. He served Richard as a justice in eyre (i.e. itinerant judge) and as a baron of the exchequer.
After Richard's death, Bigod succeeded in gaining John's favour, and in the first years of his reign continued to act as a judge. In October 1200 he was one of the envoys sent to summon William of Scotland to do homage at Lincoln, and was a witness at the ceremony on 22 Nov. following;
In John’s reign he took part in the defence of Normandy, and after 1206 served on campaigns in Poitou and within the British Isles.
===1213 Disgrace and Restoration===
At a later period he appears to have fallen into disgrace, and was imprisoned in 1213. In the course of the same year, however, he was released and apparently restored to favour, as he accompanied the king to Poitou in February 1214, and about the same time compounded by a fine of 2,000 marks for the service of 120 knights and all arrears of scutages.
===1215 Magna Carta===
In 1215, however, he went over to the opposition, joining the rebel barons in their muster at Stamford. In part, his involvement on the rebel arose in response to the financial pressures exerted on him by the king. The scutage – money due in lieu of personal military service �� that the earl owed from his many estates was so substantial that in 1211 he was driven to striking a deal with the exchequer to pay 2000 marks (£1333) for respite during his lifetime from demands for arrears and for liability to a reduced sum in future. Roger had various other grievances against the king. One at least related to litigation. In 1207, when a legal action had been brought against him in the royal courts, he objected to the chosen jurors on grounds of their likely bias, but his arguments had been ignored by the king, who ordered the case to proceed.
"Roger was joined in his rebellion by his son and heir Hugh, who was already of full age, and the two stood in the forefront of the opposition in East Anglia. In March 1216 the king succeeded in taking the family’s main castle at Framlingham and put pressure on the earl by pardoning those of his followers whom he captured, while condemning those who refused to submit to forfeiture of their lands. Roger and Hugh did not return to their allegiance until after the general peace settlement agreed with Henry III’s Minority government at Kingston-on-Thames in September 1217. By April of the following year the earl had received back all his lands and titles, but, by now over 70, he was in semi-retirement and he died three years later in 1221.
Next year he joined the confederate barons in the movement which resulted in the grant of Magna Charta on 15 June 1215, and was one of the twenty-five executors, or trustees, of its provisions. He was consequently included in the sentence of excommunication which Innocent III soon afterwards declared against the king's opponents, and his lands were cruelly harried by John's troops in their incursions into the eastern counties."
===1221 Restoration and Death===
"After the accession of Henry III, Bigod returned to his allegiance, and his hereditary right to the stewardship of the royal household was finally recognised at the council of Oxford on 1 May 1221.
But before the following August he died. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh, as third earl, who, however, survived him only four years."
He died three years later in 1221. He was succeeded as earl by his son, another of the Twenty Five, who in 1206 or 1207 had married Matilda, daughter of the future Regent, William Marshal, earl of Pembroke. The son died in February 1225.
Sir Roger le Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, died in 1221, before 2 August.
==Issue==
Roger le Bigod and Ida de Tony had five sons and three daughters:
#[[Bigod-1|Hugh]] (5th Earl of Norfolk)
#[[Bigod-34|William]]
#[[Bigod-39|Roger]]
#John
#[[Bigod-26|Ralph]]
#[[Bigod-8|Mary]]
#[[Bigod-40|Margaret]]
#Ida
The following persons have been previously included as children of Roger le Bigod here but are not verified by Richardson and are therefore no longer linked, pending establishment of documentation that they are in fact children of Roger le Bigod.
#[[Bigod-35|Thomas]]
#[[Bigod-36|Alice/Adeliza]]
#[[Bigod-313|Unknown Bigod married Basset]]
==Framlingham Castle==
"Framlingham castle, as we see it today, is largely the product of a rebuilding carried out by Earl Roger in Richard the Lionheart’s reign, following the partial demolition of the fabric by Henry II in 1174. It consists of a cluster of baileys set on a low eminence above a flooded mere. The inner bailey, which constituted its central space, was innovative in taking the form of an irregular-shaped curtain wall punctuated at intervals by open-backed towers, dispensing great tower or keep customary in Norman castles."
== Gateway Ancestors ==:Descendants of [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons Magna Carta surety barons] who immigrated to the Americas are referred to as Gateway Ancestors. Douglas Richardson documents the ancestry of many who immigrated before 1700 in his ''Magna Carta Ancestry'' ([[#Richardson]]). WikiTree's [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Magna_Carta Magna Carta project] exists "to categorize and improve profiles of the twenty-five medieval barons who were surety for Magna Carta; about two hundred proven American colonial Gateway Ancestors who were their descendants; and the documented lineages that connect them." Using Richardson as its primary source, the project has identified most Magna Carta Gateway Ancestors with profiles in WikiTree (collected in the category [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Gateway_Ancestors Gateway Ancestors]).
:For profiles of descendants and Gateway Ancestors of } } } that have been improved and categorized by the Magna Carta project, see [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Bigod-2_Descendants Bigod-2 Descendants] (see this [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Index_of_Surety_Barons_to_Gateway_Ancestors index] for links to other surety barons and category pages for their descendants).
== Sources ==
*Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. I p. 362-364
*Magna Carta Ancestry 2nd ed. Vol. I p. 197-200
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bigod,_2nd_Earl_of_Norfolk
: See also:* ''The Dictionary of National Biography'', Vol. 5, p. 24, by Sir Sidney Lee, publ. 1886 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Hi0JAAAAIAAJ&q=Bigod#v=snippet&q=Bigod&f=false]* ''Medieval Lands'', database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), English Earls 1067-1122, Chapter 5, Norfolk, B. EARLS of NORFOLK 1142-1306 (BIGOD): Hugh Bigod [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#HughBigodNorfolkdied1225A 1. Roger Bigod, son of Hugh Bigod]* Richardson, ''[http://www.royalancestry.net/ Magna Carta Ancestry]'', (2011), Douglas Richardson, ''[http://amzn.com/1461045207 Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families]'', Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), volume I, page 197 - 199, Roger le Bigod, #1.* Morris, Marc: ''The Bigod Earls of Norfolk in the Thirteenth Century'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=UqbcpEEbpi8C&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books].
== Acknowledgements ==This page has been edited according to [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Acknowledgements Style Standards] adopted January 2014. Descriptions of imported gedcoms for this profile are under the Changes tab.
}}
Events
| Birth | Abt 1144 | Suffolk, England | |||
| Marriage | 25 Dec 1181 | Ida "Countess of Norfolk" Toeni | |||
| Death | 1221 | Thetford, Norfolk, England | |||
| Reference No | 101435 | ||||
| Reference No | |||||
| Reference No | 60 |
Families
| Spouse | Ida "Countess of Norfolk" Toeni (1160 - 1204) |
| Child | Sir Hugh "5th Earl of Norfolk" Bigod (1185 - 1225) |
| Child | William Bigod (1177 - ) |
| Child | Mary Bigod (1180 - 1252) |
| Child | Margaret "Margery" Bigod (1182 - 1237) |
| Child | Roger Bigod (1198 - 1224) |
| Child | Sir Ralph Bigod (1208 - 1260) |
| Father | Hugh Bigod (1095 - 1177) |
| Mother | Juliana de Vere (1116 - 1194) |