Individual Details
Duncan I "The Gracious," King of Scotland
(1001 - 14 Aug 1040)
Duncan reigned from 1034-40. He succeeded his grandfather, King Malcolm ll Mackenneth. He was killed by Macbeth in 1040, who went on to rule for 17 years. Macbeth was killed by Duncan's son, Malcolm Canmore in battle in 1057. These are the characters that Shakespear used over 500 years later in his play "Macbeth."
King of Strathclyde. Murdered by Macbeth.
Duncan Maccrrinan.
Duncan (or Doncha) helped kill his grandfather, Malcolm II, to become king. North and west Scotland was conquered during his reign by Earl Thorfinn of Orkney, whose daughter married Duncan's son, Malcolm.
Accoring to Wikipedia:
Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[1] anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick";[2] ca. 1001 - 14 August 1040)[3] was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth.
Life
He was a son of Crínán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethóc, daughter of king Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II).
Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or Tànaiste as the succession appears to have been uneventful.[4] Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea[5], although it is supported by the ODNB.[6].
An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen,[7] and John of Fordun suggests that she may have been a relative of Siward, Earl of Northumbria.[8] Whatever his wife's name and family connections may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093 after assassinating and usurping Lulach, MacBeth's stepson. The second son Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.[9]
The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhaps a consequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is recorded as having been his dux, today rendered as "duke" and meaning nothing more than the rank between prince and marquess, but then still having the Roman meaning of "war leader". In context - "dukes of Francia" had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux - this suggests that Macbeth may have been the power behind the throne.[10]
In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but the expedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following year he led an army north into Moray, Macbeth's domain, apparently on a punitive expedition against Moray.[11] There he was killed in action, at Bothnagowan, now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by the men of Moray led by Macbeth, probably on 14 August 1040.[12] He is thought to have been buried at Elgin[13] before later relocation to the island of Iona.
Depictions in fiction
Anachronistic depiction of Duncan I by Jacob de Wet, 17th century
Duncan is depicted as an elderly king in the play Macbeth (1606) by William Shakespeare. He is killed in his sleep by the protagonist, Macbeth.
In the historical novel Macbeth the King (1978) by Nigel Tranter, Duncan is portrayed as a schemer who is fearful of Macbeth as a possible rival for the throne. He tries to assassinate Macbeth by poisoning and then when this fails, attacks his home with an army. In self-defence Macbeth meets him in battle and kills him in personal combat.
In the animated television series Gargoyles he is depicted as a weak and conniving king who assassinates those who he believes threaten his rule.[14] He even tries to assassinate Macbeth, forcing Demona to ally with the Moray nobleman, with Duncan's resulting death coming from attempting to strike an enchanted orb of energy that one of the Weird Sisters gave to Macbeth to take Duncan down.
-- MERGED NOTE ------------
Duncan reigned from 1034-40. He succeeded his grandfather, King Malcolm ll Mackenneth. He was killed by Macbeth in 1040, who went on to rule for 17 years. Macbeth was killed by Duncan's son, Malcolm Canmore in battle in 1057. These are the characters that Shakespear used over 500 years later in his play "Macbeth."
King of Strathclyde. Murdered by Macbeth.
Duncan Maccrrinan.
Duncan (or Doncha) helped kill his grandfather, Malcolm II, to become king. North and west Scotland was conquered during his reign by Earl Thorfinn of Orkney, whose daughter married Duncan's son, Malcolm.
Accoring to Wikipedia:
Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[1] anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick";[2] ca. 1001 - 14 August 1040)[3] was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth.
Life
He was a son of CrÃnán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethóc, daughter of king Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II).
Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or TÃ naiste as the succession appears to have been uneventful.[4] Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea[5], although it is supported by the ODNB.[6].
An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen,[7] and John of Fordun suggests that she may have been a relative of Siward, Earl of Northumbria.[8] Whatever his wife's name and family connections may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093 after assassinating and usurping Lulach, MacBeth's stepson. The second son Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.[9]
The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhaps a consequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is recorded as having been his dux, today rendered as "duke" and meaning nothing more than the rank between prince and marquess, but then still having the Roman meaning of "war leader". In context - "dukes of Francia" had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux - this suggests that Macbeth may have been the power behind the throne.[10]
In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but the expedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following year he led an army north into Moray, Macbeth's domain, apparently on a punitive expedition against Moray.[11] There he was killed in action, at Bothnagowan, now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by the men of Moray led by Macbeth, probably on 14 August 1040.[12] He is thought to have been buried at Elgin[13] before later relocation to the island of Iona.
Depictions in fiction
Anachronistic depiction of Duncan I by Jacob de Wet, 17th century
Duncan is depicted as an elderly king in the play Macbeth (1606) by William Shakespeare. He is killed in his sleep by the protagonist, Macbeth.
In the historical novel Macbeth the King (1978) by Nigel Tranter, Duncan is portrayed as a schemer who is fearful of Macbeth as a possible rival for the throne. He tries to assassinate Macbeth by poisoning and then when this fails, attacks his home with an army. In self-defence Macbeth meets him in battle and kills him in personal combat.
In the animated television series Gargoyles he is depicted as a weak and conniving king who assassinates those who he believes threaten his rule.[14] He even tries to assassinate Macbeth, forcing Demona to ally with the Moray nobleman, with Duncan's resulting death coming from attempting to strike an enchanted orb of energy that one of the Weird Sisters gave to Macbeth to take Duncan down.
King of Strathclyde. Murdered by Macbeth.
Duncan Maccrrinan.
Duncan (or Doncha) helped kill his grandfather, Malcolm II, to become king. North and west Scotland was conquered during his reign by Earl Thorfinn of Orkney, whose daughter married Duncan's son, Malcolm.
Accoring to Wikipedia:
Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[1] anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick";[2] ca. 1001 - 14 August 1040)[3] was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth.
Life
He was a son of Crínán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethóc, daughter of king Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II).
Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or Tànaiste as the succession appears to have been uneventful.[4] Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea[5], although it is supported by the ODNB.[6].
An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen,[7] and John of Fordun suggests that she may have been a relative of Siward, Earl of Northumbria.[8] Whatever his wife's name and family connections may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093 after assassinating and usurping Lulach, MacBeth's stepson. The second son Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.[9]
The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhaps a consequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is recorded as having been his dux, today rendered as "duke" and meaning nothing more than the rank between prince and marquess, but then still having the Roman meaning of "war leader". In context - "dukes of Francia" had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux - this suggests that Macbeth may have been the power behind the throne.[10]
In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but the expedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following year he led an army north into Moray, Macbeth's domain, apparently on a punitive expedition against Moray.[11] There he was killed in action, at Bothnagowan, now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by the men of Moray led by Macbeth, probably on 14 August 1040.[12] He is thought to have been buried at Elgin[13] before later relocation to the island of Iona.
Depictions in fiction
Anachronistic depiction of Duncan I by Jacob de Wet, 17th century
Duncan is depicted as an elderly king in the play Macbeth (1606) by William Shakespeare. He is killed in his sleep by the protagonist, Macbeth.
In the historical novel Macbeth the King (1978) by Nigel Tranter, Duncan is portrayed as a schemer who is fearful of Macbeth as a possible rival for the throne. He tries to assassinate Macbeth by poisoning and then when this fails, attacks his home with an army. In self-defence Macbeth meets him in battle and kills him in personal combat.
In the animated television series Gargoyles he is depicted as a weak and conniving king who assassinates those who he believes threaten his rule.[14] He even tries to assassinate Macbeth, forcing Demona to ally with the Moray nobleman, with Duncan's resulting death coming from attempting to strike an enchanted orb of energy that one of the Weird Sisters gave to Macbeth to take Duncan down.
-- MERGED NOTE ------------
Duncan reigned from 1034-40. He succeeded his grandfather, King Malcolm ll Mackenneth. He was killed by Macbeth in 1040, who went on to rule for 17 years. Macbeth was killed by Duncan's son, Malcolm Canmore in battle in 1057. These are the characters that Shakespear used over 500 years later in his play "Macbeth."
King of Strathclyde. Murdered by Macbeth.
Duncan Maccrrinan.
Duncan (or Doncha) helped kill his grandfather, Malcolm II, to become king. North and west Scotland was conquered during his reign by Earl Thorfinn of Orkney, whose daughter married Duncan's son, Malcolm.
Accoring to Wikipedia:
Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[1] anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick";[2] ca. 1001 - 14 August 1040)[3] was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth.
Life
He was a son of CrÃnán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethóc, daughter of king Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II).
Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or TÃ naiste as the succession appears to have been uneventful.[4] Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea[5], although it is supported by the ODNB.[6].
An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen,[7] and John of Fordun suggests that she may have been a relative of Siward, Earl of Northumbria.[8] Whatever his wife's name and family connections may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093 after assassinating and usurping Lulach, MacBeth's stepson. The second son Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.[9]
The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhaps a consequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is recorded as having been his dux, today rendered as "duke" and meaning nothing more than the rank between prince and marquess, but then still having the Roman meaning of "war leader". In context - "dukes of Francia" had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux - this suggests that Macbeth may have been the power behind the throne.[10]
In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but the expedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following year he led an army north into Moray, Macbeth's domain, apparently on a punitive expedition against Moray.[11] There he was killed in action, at Bothnagowan, now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by the men of Moray led by Macbeth, probably on 14 August 1040.[12] He is thought to have been buried at Elgin[13] before later relocation to the island of Iona.
Depictions in fiction
Anachronistic depiction of Duncan I by Jacob de Wet, 17th century
Duncan is depicted as an elderly king in the play Macbeth (1606) by William Shakespeare. He is killed in his sleep by the protagonist, Macbeth.
In the historical novel Macbeth the King (1978) by Nigel Tranter, Duncan is portrayed as a schemer who is fearful of Macbeth as a possible rival for the throne. He tries to assassinate Macbeth by poisoning and then when this fails, attacks his home with an army. In self-defence Macbeth meets him in battle and kills him in personal combat.
In the animated television series Gargoyles he is depicted as a weak and conniving king who assassinates those who he believes threaten his rule.[14] He even tries to assassinate Macbeth, forcing Demona to ally with the Moray nobleman, with Duncan's resulting death coming from attempting to strike an enchanted orb of energy that one of the Weird Sisters gave to Macbeth to take Duncan down.
Events
| Birth | 1001 | Elgin, Moray, Scotland | |||
| Marriage | 1030 | Aelflaed (Sybil) of Northumbria | |||
| Title (Facts Page) | Bet 1034 and 1040 | King of Scotland | |||
| Acceded | 25 Nov 1034 | ||||
| Death | 14 Aug 1040 | Bothganowan, Elgin, Moray, Scotland | |||
| Interred | Isle of Iona, Scotland | ||||
| Cause of death (Facts Pa | Murdered by MacBeth near Elgin, Scotland |
Families
| Spouse | Aelflaed (Sybil) of Northumbria (1010 - ) |
| Child | Malcolm III, King of Scotland (1031 - 1093) |
| Father | Crínán of Dunkeld (975 - 1045) |
| Mother | Bethóc (984 - ) |
| Sibling | Maldred ( - ) |